Neuroeconomics of sugars: Glucose vs. fructose effects on reward signaling

糖的神经经济学：葡萄糖与果糖对奖励信号的影响

• 批准号: 9321514
• 负责人: John R Monterosso
• 金额: $ 24.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9321514
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Anterior; Attenuated; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Budgets; Cherry - dietary; Collaborations; Consumption; Corpus striatum structure; Coupling; Data; Decision Making; Dopamine; Dorsal; Drug usage; Endocrine; Endocrinology; Enrollment; Food; Fructose; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Glucose; Health; Health behavior; Homeostasis; Hormonal; Hormones; Human; Image Analysis; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Insula of Reil; Insulin; Lead; Leptin; Light; Limbic System; Link; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolism; Methods; Midbrain structure; Neuraxis; Obesity; Outcome; Parents; Parietal; Participant; Pathway interactions; Peptide YY; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protocols documentation; Psychological reinforcement; Recruitment Activity; Rewards; Satiation; Signal Transduction; Substantia nigra structure; System; Time; Ventral Striatum; Water; Work; addiction; attenuation; base; behavior change; deprivation; discount; discounting; dopaminergic neuron; food consumption; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; ghrelin; glucagon-like peptide 1; insight; interest; neuroeconomics; neuroimaging; payment; preference; putamen; relating to nervous system; response; reward anticipation; reward processing; sugar; trait

Metabolic state affects behavior, in large part to defend homeostasis. However, the pathways linking metabolism to decision-making are not well understood. The core idea of this revised proposal is that by combining insights and methods from endocrinology and neuroeconomics, we can better identify mechanisms linking food consumption and behavior. Here we focus specifically on comparing the effects of two sugars (glucose and fructose) on reward signaling and “delay discounting” (the tendency to value rewards less as a function of their delay). Glucose and fructose have dramatically different effects on endocrine function (including greater circulating insulin and GLP-1 after glucose) and central nervous system activity (including greater attenuation of dopamine release within the VTA and substantia nigra after glucose). There is reason to believe that these identified differences may lead to differences in delay discounting. Specifically, we hypothesize that the tendency to prefer immediate reward over larger but more delayed reward will be greater after fructose consumption than after glucose consumption. Given links between immediate-oriented decision making and negative health consequences like obesity and problem drug use, this would have significant health implications. Participants (N = 36) will complete three functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) sessions, each after overnight fast followed by consumption of either: water, a 75g fructose drink, or a 75g glucose drink. Outside the scanner participants will complete a task that uses convex budgets to estimate utility and discount functions. During fMRI, participants will complete: 1) a modified “Monetary Incentive Task” with immediate and delayed rewards, and 2) a “Delay-Discounting Task” in which the participant makes choices between immediate and delayed money. In the latter, options will be individualized to be difficult (the immediate and delayed options similarly attractive given the participant’s discounting and utility). Neuroimaging analyses will focus on established reward pathways and on fronto-parietal networks recruited during the decision making task. By attaching to an ongoing separate study that includes measurement of endocrine responses to the same sugars, we will also be able to investigate whether variance in the primary study measures is associated with (and possibly mediated by) individual differences in endocrine response to glucose and fructose.

代谢状态影响行为，在很大程度上是为了维护体内平衡。然而，连接 代谢对决策的影响还不太清楚。这一修订提案的核心思想是， 结合内分泌学和神经经济学的见解和方法，我们可以更好地识别 食物消费和行为之间的联系。在这里，我们特别关注比较效果 两种糖（葡萄糖和果糖）对奖励信号和“延迟折扣”（价值倾向）的影响 奖励较少作为其延迟的函数）。葡萄糖和果糖对 内分泌功能（包括葡萄糖后循环胰岛素和GLP-1增加）和中枢神经系统 活动（包括葡萄糖后腹侧被盖区和黑质内多巴胺释放的更大衰减）。 有理由相信，这些已识别的差异可能导致延迟折扣的差异。 具体来说，我们假设，倾向于立即奖励，而不是更大但更延迟的奖励， 在摄入果糖后比摄入葡萄糖后更高。考虑到直接导向的决策与肥胖和问题药物使用等负面健康后果之间的联系， 对健康有重大影响。受试者（N = 36）将完成三项功能性磁共振检查 成像（功能磁共振成像）会议，每一个后，过夜快速，然后消费：水，75克果糖 75克葡萄糖饮料。在扫描仪外，参与者将完成一项使用凸预算的任务 估计效用函数和贴现函数。在fMRI期间，参与者将完成：1）修改后的“货币” 激励任务”，具有即时和延迟奖励，以及2）“延迟折扣任务”，其中， 参与者在即时和延迟付款之间做出选择。在后一种情况下，选择将是个性化的 困难（考虑到参与者的折扣， 实用程序）。神经影像学分析将集中在已建立的奖励通路和额顶叶网络上 在决策过程中，通过附加到正在进行的单独研究，包括 测量对相同糖的内分泌反应，我们也将能够研究方差是否 在初步研究中，测量与内分泌的个体差异有关（并可能由其介导）， 对葡萄糖和果糖的反应。