A longitudinal study of the outcomes, risk factors, and protective factors of dating violence and other adverse events

摘要 每年，大约25%的美国青少年和新兴成年人在生理、心理或性方面 约会对象的虐待行为。许多约会暴力(DV)的受害者经历了许多毁灭性的 后果，包括急性和慢性精神和身体健康问题、自杀、犯罪、危险 性行为、滥用药物和学业/职业失败。此外，青少年DV的肇事者是 成年后继续发生亲密伴侣暴力的风险增加，受害者面临未来的风险 被害和犯罪。我们所知道的关于DV的绝大多数是来自横断面 研究缺乏短期纵向研究或长期纵向研究，其中DV是一种 次要重点常常用单一项目的自我报告指标进行评估。而且，现有的长期 对年长一代的青少年进行了纵向研究。考虑到不断变化的 性行为和亲密关系，支持攻击性行为的规范的转变，以及 对于电子/社交媒体，迫切需要一项关于DV的当代长期纵向研究。致信地址 这些问题和文献中的空白，我们的研究团队(PI：Temple)完成了一个8波/8年的 对1042名不同种族和社会经济背景的青少年进行了大样本DV的纵向研究。 年，参与者被招募并评估为一年级/二年级学生(平均年龄=15岁) 2010年，从2011年到2017年(从16岁到22岁)每年进行后续跟进。我们正在提议 在未来5年内遵循我们当前的样本，并在最后4年内添加参与者的现有合作伙伴。 完成后，我们将拥有13年的丰富DV数据，涵盖从青春期到 青壮年--在一个以身份发展和开始约会为特征的时期 以身份形成和建立更持久的亲密关系和生活为特征的 轨迹。具体目标是检查1)不同形式的DV及其各自的纵向联系 在多个关系中与后来的DV相关联；2)接触DV和其他 不良事件对成人心理、身体和心理社会健康的影响；3)对风险的二元影响 对DV的保护；以及4)DV实施和受害随时间的性别、年龄、 性取向、种族/民族，以及风险和保护因素同时发生和 前瞻性预测各亚组的DV和其他不良后果。这将是有史以来持续时间最长的研究 以DV为主要重点进行，并提供了前所未有的机会来检查轨迹， 一系列虐待行为的风险和保护因素、过程和后果。这项研究将 毫无疑问，这为制定急需的DV预防和治疗方案提供了信息。

ABSTRACT Each year, approximately 25% of US teens and emerging adults sustain physical, psychological, or sexual abuse by dating partners. Many victims of dating violence (DV) experience a host of devastating consequences, including acute and chronic mental and physical health problems, suicidality, delinquency, risky sexual behavior, substance abuse, and academic/occupational failure. Moreover, perpetrators of teen DV are at increased risk for continuing intimate partner violence in adulthood, and victims are at risk for future victimization and perpetration. The vast majority of what we know about DV is derived from cross-sectional studies, with a paucity of short-term longitudinal studies or long-term longitudinal studies where DV was a secondary focus often assessed with single-item self-reported indicators. Moreover, existing long-term longitudinal studies were conducted on older generations of adolescents. Given the changing landscape of sexuality and intimate relationships, shifting norms in support of aggressive behaviors, and the advent of electronic/social media, a contemporary long-term longitudinal study on DV is critically needed. To address these questions and gaps in the literature, our research team (PI: Temple) completed an 8-wave/8-year longitudinal study of DV in a large sample of 1,042 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse adolescents. Participants were recruited and assessed as Freshman/Sophomore high school students (Mean age=15) in 2010, with follow-ups annually from 2011 through 2017 (from age 16 through age 22). We are proposing to follow our current sample for an additional 5 years and add current partners of participants for the final 4 years. When finished, we will have 13 years of rich DV data covering individuals from young adolescence through young adulthood—during a period characterized by identity development and the beginning of dating to one characterized by identity formation and the establishment of more permanent intimate relationships and life trajectories. Specific aims are to examine 1) the longitudinal association of different forms of DV and their association with later DV across multiple relationships; 2) the long-term impact of exposure to DV and other adverse events on adult mental, physical, and psychosocial health; 3) dyadic influences on risk for, and protection from, DV across time; and 4) differences in DV perpetration and victimization over time by sex, age, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, and in the ability of risk and protective factors to concurrently and prospectively predict DV and other adverse outcomes in each subgroup. This will be the longest study ever conducted with a primary focus on DV, and provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine trajectories, risk and protective factors, course, and consequences of a wide spectrum of abusive behaviors. The study will undoubtedly inform the development of critically needed DV prevention and treatment programs.