Beyond Household Adverse Childhood Experiences: Applying Mixture Modeling to Investigate the Role of Community Adversity in Youth Neuropsychiatric Development

项目摘要/摘要 这项研究是对青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)研究的二次分析。我们的研究 将调查家庭内部不良童年经历(ACE)如何与社区共同发生 逆境经历，如歧视，以及这些风险如何通过社区优势来缓解 以及影响青春期早期青少年神经精神发育的保护性因素。社区王牌 不成比例地影响到属于种族/少数民族的青年，使研究范围扩大到 歧视是公平解决A级问题的优先事项。这项研究将考察“经典”的家庭王牌。 在潜在类别分析中，他们与10个社区王牌共同出现：(1)欺凌，(2)目击 社区暴力，(3)经历社区暴力，(4)枪支暴力，(5)学校暴力，(6) 网络欺凌；以及(7)种族/族裔歧视、(8)国籍/家庭出身歧视、(9)性别认同歧视 (女同性恋者/男同性恋者/双性恋者)和(10)体重/体型。然后，我们将使用潜在转换分析来确定ACE 三年来的轨迹及其与两名青年神经精神病学结果的关系： 内化/外化行为和认知。我们将研究不同种族/少数民族青年之间的差异 鉴于社区王牌对属于种族/少数民族的年轻人来说是复杂的风险，而且更有可能是 由于结构性种族主义，出生在弱势社区。潜在类分析提出了一种新的 有机会分析儿童家庭和社区环境中共存的ACE，并了解 王牌在青少年神经精神发育中的作用，不仅仅是简单地计算家庭逆境 经验，如在先前的研究中所做的。ABCD研究是一个可以利用来克服的理想数据集 先前对ACE的研究在方法和概念上的局限性一直是家庭层面和 以赤字为重点：1)它使用国家、以人口为基础的样本，允许泛化；2)它 衡量家庭和社区的逆境，以评估共同发生的经历， 特别是歧视，这是很少研究的与其他王牌综合集合有关的；3)它 衡量社区的力量和保护因素；以及4)它使我们能够在 青春期早期的敏感发育窗口，先前的ACES研究主要集中在早期 童年。这项研究的发现将为未来的项目提供信息，这些项目将结合新的神经成像和 来自ABCD研究的Biosecimen数据，以更好地了解社区ACES的影响；转向 开发社区干预措施，以降低神经精神负面结果的风险；并利用 研究历史创伤和代际创伤的方法是相同的。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This study is a secondary analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Our study will investigate how within-household adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) co-occur with community adversity experiences such as discrimination, and how these risks may be moderated by community strengths and protective factors to affect youth neuropsychiatric development in early adolescence. Community ACEs disproportionately affect youth who are racial/ethnic minorities, making expansion of research to be inclusive of discrimination a priority for addressing ACEs equitably. This study will examine the “classic” household ACEs and their co-occurrence with ten community ACEs in a latent class analysis: (1) bullying, (2) witnessing community violence, (3) experiencing community violence, (4) gun violence, (5) school violence, (6) cyberbullying; and discrimination due to (7) race/ethnicity, (8) nationality/family origin, (9) sexual identity (lesbian/gay/bisexual), and (10) weight/body size. We will then use latent transition analysis to identify ACE trajectories over three years and their relationship to two youth neuropsychiatric outcomes: internalizing/externalizing behavior and cognition. We will look at differences across racial/ethnic minority youth given risks of community ACEs compounded for youth who are racial/ethnic minorities and more likely to be born into disadvantaged communities due to structural racism. Latent class analysis presents a novel opportunity to analyze co-occurring ACEs in a child’s home and community environments and understand the role ACEs play in youth neuropsychiatric development, going beyond a simple count of household adversity experiences as has been done in prior research. The ABCD study is an ideal dataset to leverage to overcome methodological and conceptual limitations of prior research on ACEs that has been household-level and deficits-oriented focused: 1) It uses a national, population-based sample, allowing for generalizability; 2) it measures both household and community adversity to allow for evaluation of co-occurring experiences, particularly discrimination which has been rarely studied in relation to a comprehensive set of other ACEs; 3) it measures community strengths and protective factors; and 4) It allows for us to investigate these factors in the sensitive developmental window of early adolescence where prior ACEs research has focused on early childhood. Findings from this study will inform future projects incorporating novel neuroimaging and biospecimen data from the ABCD study to better understand the impact of community ACEs; shifting toward developing community interventions to reduce risk for negative neuropsychiatric outcomes; and leveraging the same methodology to study historical and intergenerational trauma.