Youth Empowerment Solutions:ÃÂà Engaging Youth for Anti-Racism And Cultural Equity (YES-ERACE)

摘要 青少年暴力是一个重大的公共卫生问题，超过20%的人报告曾打架，19%的人报告欺凌 有人携带武器，16%的人报告携带武器。种族主义与侵略和暴力相联系 少数族裔，并可能在不同种族之间传播不信任、恐惧、敌意和暴力。种族主义效应 青少年暴力既是导致暴力的压力源，也是导致更多接触暴力的结构性因素 社区层面的风险因素。这项研究的目的是适应和检验基于证据的青少年暴力 针对中学生的预防计划，称为青年赋权解决方案(YES)，以增强年轻人的能力 解决种族主义和种族歧视问题，以减少暴力行为。是，让青年参与 反种族主义和文化公平(YES-ERACE)将以中学生为重点，因为这是一个 开始脱离父母独立的发展时期，他们自己对人际关系的看法 关系是形成性的，当欺凌行为达到顶峰时。增强儿童解决暴力问题的能力 在这个关键的发展时期，可能使他们能够抵制消极的态度和行为，如种族 偏见和种族主义。与专家和青年顾问委员会合作，我们将整合教学 将宽容(TT)课程从南方贫困法律中心(SPLC)转变为现有的YES课程。我们 将在中国6所中学的暑期项目中使用分组随机试验设计来测试是-ERACE 密歇根州杰尼西县。我们会研究课程对个别青少年自我意识的影响。 赋权、种族主义行为和暴力行为。我们还将评估课程的修订情况 通过测试具体的模块，并从青年和学校工作人员那里获得反馈。最后，我们将检查 肯定效应的剂量和可持续性。我们的具体目标是：1)调整YES课程以 纳入教学宽容课程，研究适应和实施新课程的过程 课程设置；2)采用随机设计，对被授权者课程的有效性进行检验。 结果将调解赞成对种族主义态度和行为的影响；3)测试 在预测赋权结果的模式上，赞成课程的有效性将起到中介作用。 实施种族主义，以及对侵略和暴力行为(特别是那些 受种族主义驱使)也将通过随着时间的推移减少种族主义的实施来调节；4)研究 接受剂量和变化的可持续性对目标2和3的结果的影响。

ABSTRACT Youth violence is a significant public health concern as over 20% report being in a fight, 19% reported bullying someone, and 16% reported weapon carriage. Racism is associated with aggression and violence against racial minorities and may operate to propagate interracial mistrust, fear, hostility, and violence. Racism effects youth violence both as a stressor leading to violence and as a structural factor resulting in more exposure to community-level risk factors. The purpose of this study is to adapt and test an evidence-based youth violence prevention program for middle-school students called Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) to empower youth to address racism and racial discrimination as a way to reduce of violent behavior. YES for Engaging Youth for anti-Racism And Cultural Equity (YES-ERACE) will focus on middle school students because this is a developmental period when independence from parents begin, their own ideas about interpersonal relationships are formative, and when bullying behavior is at its peak. Empowering children to address violence at this critical developmental period may enable them to resist negative attitudes and behaviors, such as racial prejudice and racism. Working with an advisory board of experts and youth, we will integrate the Teaching Tolerance (TT) curriculum from the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) into the existing YES curriculum. We will test YES-ERACE using a group-randomized trial design in summer programs across 6 middle schools in Genesee County, Michigan. We will examine the effects of the curriculum on individual youths' sense of empowerment, racist behaviors, and violent behavior. We will also evaluate the revisions of the curriculum through testing specific modules and obtaining feedback from youth and school staff. Finally, we will examine both dose and sustainability of YES-ERACE effects. Our specific aims are: 1) adapt the YES curriculum to include the Teaching Tolerance curriculum and study the adaptation and implementation process for the new curriculum; 2) test the efficacy of the YES-ERACE curriculum in a randomized design on empowered outcomes which will mediate the effects of YES-ERACE on perpetration of racist attitudes and behavior; 3) test the efficacy of the YES-ERACE curriculum on a model that predicts empowered outcomes will mediate perpetration of racism, and that YES-ERACE effects on aggressive and violent behavior (especially those motivated by racism) will also be mediated by reducing perpetration of racism over time and; 4) study the effects of dose received and sustainability of change on the outcomes from AIMS 2 and 3.