U24 NEW Brain Aging Diversity Supplement

项目总结 大脑和认知老化文献中的一个关键问题是，为什么一些老年人表现得相对较少 认知能力下降，尽管有神经退行性变和/或阿尔茨海默病的病理。各种形式的真实- 大体上保持不变或随着寿命的延长而改善的世界经验可能有助于并可能有助于 支持广泛的认知能力，抵抗神经退化。然而，文学作品 基本上侧重于相对静态的“认知储备”因素(如教育、职业等)， 忽视了随着年龄增长而演变的因素。我们建议研究一个新颖的、基于经验的因素- 积极的情感体验--作为解释为什么一些老年人表现得相对完好的一种机制 尽管神经退化，但仍有认知功能。积极的情感体验强调个人的 倾向于保持总体积极的情绪和/或稳定的唤醒，每天重复 通过适应性情感调节的体验。首要目标是阐明它们之间的关系 老年人的积极情感体验、认知功能领域和神经退行性变之间的关系。 在目标1中，我们将表征老年人的积极情感体验，以了解积极情感是如何 体验与生活质量、情感症状的严重程度以及静息状态的功能连接有关。 在目标2中，我们将研究积极情感体验、神经退行性变和 确定积极情感体验是否缓和基线影响的认知 随着时间的推移，认知上的神经退化。我们将使用干预性研究设计来测试机械性 一段浓缩时期内的假设。对干预的不同反应将成为间接的 纵向代理，潜在的假设是，对 尽管受到基线神经退行性变的影响，但预计干预将显示出较慢的速度 如果是前瞻性的，随着时间的推移，认知能力会下降。因此，潜在的接受机制 干预后的认知改善可能会对认知储备机制产生影响。总体而言， 应用可能为认知储备提供一种新的机制。 与父母U24的相关性：到目前为止，研究主要集中在了解大脑老化的影响 关于情感和情感健康。建议的研究将有助于家长U24的S前提 通过添加一个概念来理解情绪幸福感和衰老之间关系的方向性 新的、未被研究的组成部分：解决积极的情绪因素如何影响大脑老化(即， 情绪幸福感大脑和认知)在相关的老龄化人口。

PROJECT SUMMARY A crucial question in the brain and cognitive aging literature is why some older adults exhibit relatively little cognitive decline, despite neurodegeneration and/or Alzheimer’s disease pathologies. Various forms of real- world experience that remain largely intact or improve over the lifespan may contribute to and may help support a broad range of cognitive capacities and resist against neurodegeneration. However, the literature has substantially focused on relatively static “cognitive reserve” factors (e.g., education, occupation, etc.), overlooking factors that evolve with aging. We propose to examine a novel, experience-based factor – positive affective experience – as a mechanism for explaining why some older adults exhibit relatively intact cognitive function despite neurodegeneration. Positive affective experience emphasizes an individual’s disposition to maintain overall positive valence and/or stable arousal across various, repeated everyday experiences via adaptive affective regulation. The overarching objective is to elucidate the relationships between positive affective experience, domains of cognitive function, and neurodegeneration in older adults. In Aim 1, we will characterize positive affective experience in older adults to understand how positive affective experience relates to quality of life, severity of affective symptoms, and resting-state functional connectivity. In Aim 2, we will examine relationships between positive affective experience, neurodegeneration, and cognition to determine whether positive affective experience moderates the impact of baseline neurodegeneration on cognition over time. We will use an intervention study design to test mechanistic hypotheses over a condensed period. The differential response to the intervention will serve as an indirect longitudinal proxy, with the underlying assumption that individuals who respond better, cognitively, to the intervention, despite the influence of baseline neurodegeneration, would be expected to show slower cognitive decline over time, if followed prospectively. Therefore, mechanisms underlying receptiveness to cognitive improvement after an intervention may inform mechanisms of cognitive reserve. Overall, the application has the potential to contribute a novel mechanism for cognitive reserve. Relevance to parent U24: Research thus far has largely focused on understanding the impact of brain aging on affect and emotional well-being. The proposed study will contribute to the parent U24’s premise of understanding the directionality of the relationships between emotional well-being and aging by adding a novel, understudied component: addressing how positive emotional factors may influence brain aging (i.e., emotional well-being  brain and cognition) in a relevant aging population.