Studies of Occupational Cancer (Pesticides)

在这个项目中有几项研究。 然而，其中最大的是农业健康研究（AHS）。 这项前瞻性队列研究旨在评估农药和其他农业因素与癌症和其他疾病风险之间的关系。这项研究的招募对象包括来自爱荷华州和北卡罗来纳州的大约9万名男性和女性。从1993年至1997年，通过自填问卷获得详细信息，从1998年至2003年9月，并再次从2004年至2010年，计算机辅助电话访谈更新了在登记时收集的信息。电话访谈包括关于所使用的农药和其他农业暴露、生活方式因素、疾病病史和家族史以及饮食的问题。2010-2015年，NIEHS的研究人员进行了一项针对癌症以外慢性疾病的问卷调查，该问卷主要针对癌症以外的慢性疾病。多年来，AHS提供了一些农药与癌症相关的信息。 在本财政年度，发表了几篇论文，包括一篇关于膀胱癌的论文，表明芳香胺农药与农药施用者患膀胱癌风险之间存在联系。 另一项评估显示，异丙甲草胺的使用与肝癌之间的关联性增加，而此前曾认为，这种关联性与啮齿动物的肝癌有关。 AHS的配偶代表了一个重要的人群，在其中评估较低的暴露水平，以及妇女的癌症。 对这一群体的一项研究表明，接触特定的有机磷杀虫剂会增加患甲状腺癌和卵巢癌的风险。 颊细胞可从约50%的队列中获得，并为GXE研究和表观遗传机制研究提供了基因组DNA的来源。 较小的子研究有生物样本，用于评价暴露和结局的中间效应。 今年发表的一项研究评估了端粒长度与一些农药之间的关联，并显示了2，4-D使用与较短的端粒之间的关联。 目前正在努力招募1，600名AHS内的农民更新接触信息，并收集血液和其他生物标本，以及灰尘，以评估与农药接触有关的几个假设。 今年发表了一份介绍方法和初步统计数据的文件。 AHS是一项富有成效的研究，用于评估与农药相关的许多假设。 然而，早期生活暴露和未来癌症风险非常重要。 在登记时，AHS参与者提供了关于他们后代的信息。 一项新的努力是对这些后代进行计数，并跟踪他们，目的是评估他们早期的农药和其他农场暴露以及未来的癌症风险。 AHS还向AGRICOH提供数据，AGRICOH是农业群组的联合体。 今年发表了一篇描述跨研究暴露协调的初步论文，随后的病因学结果集中在淋巴造血系统恶性肿瘤上。 在联盟内还启动了乳腺癌和前列腺癌的合并研究。 分支内的其他研究也在评估与接触农药有关的风险。 一项关于多发性骨髓瘤的病例对照研究的汇总研究表明，使用滴滴涕、西维因和克菌丹会增加风险。 母亲在职业上接触农业化学品可能会增加生育有肢体缺陷的婴儿的风险。

There are several studies within this project. However, the largest of these is the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). This prospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the relationship between pesticides and other agricultural factors and the risk of cancer and other diseases. Enrollment in this study includes about 90,000 men and women from Iowa and North Carolina. From 1993-1997 detailed information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire and from 1998 through September 2003 and again from 2004 through 2010 computer assisted telephone interviews updated the information collected at enrollment. Telephone interviews include questions on pesticides used and other agricultural exposures, lifestyle factors, medical and family history of disease, and diet. A questionnaire focused on chronic disease other than cancer was administered in 2010-2015 and focused on chronic disease other than cancer was led by investigators from NIEHS. The AHS has provided information on a number of pesticide-cancer associations over the years. In this FY, several papers were published, including one on bladder cancer, showing a link between aromatic amine pesticides and bladder cancer risk in the pesticide applicators. Another evaluation showed an increased association between metolachlor use and liver cancer, which had been previously linked to liver cancer in rodents. The AHS spouses represent an important population in which to evaluate lower exposure levels, as well as cancer among women. A study among this group showed an increased risk of thyroid and ovarian cancers with exposure to specific organophosphate insecticides. Buccal cells are available from approximately 50% of the cohort, and provides a source of genomic DNA for GXE studies and studies of epigenetic mechanisms. Smaller sub-studies have biological specimens for the evaluation of intermediate effects of exposure and outcome. This year a study was published evaluating the association between telomere length and a number of pesticides and showed an association between 2,4-D use and shorter telomeres. There is currently an effort underway to recruit 1,600 farmers within the AHS to update exposure information and collect blood and other biological specimens, and dust for the purpose of evaluating several hypotheses related to pesticide exposure. A paper describing the methodology and preliminary statistics was published this year. The AHS has been a productive study with which to evaluate many hypotheses related to pesticides. However, early life exposures and future cancer risk are of great interest. At enrollment, AHS participants provided information on their offspring. A new effort was launched to enumerate these offspring and follow them with the purpose of evaluating their early life pesticide and other farm exposures and future cancer risk. The AHS also contributes data to AGRICOH, the consortium of agricultural cohorts. An initial paper describing the harmonization of exposure across studies was published this year, with etiologic results focused on lymphohematopoietic malignancies to follow. Pooled studies of breast and prostate cancer have also been initiated within the consortium. Other studies within the Branch are also evaluating risks associated with pesticide exposure. A pooled study of case-control studies of multiple myeloma demonstrated an increased risk associated with the use of DDT, carbaryl and captan. maternal occupational exposure to agricultural chemicals may increase the risk of giving birth to a child with limb defects.