Neuroscience of human food perception and eating behavior

来自神经影像学研究的证据表明，支持奖励处理和习惯形成的大脑区域可能与个体的饮食行为和肥胖倾向有关。特别是，以前的研究发现多巴胺D2受体结合电位（D2BP）可能与机会主义饮食行为，体脂和体重指数（BMI）有关。然而，关于这种关系的性质的数据相互矛盾。 我们最近完成了一项临床研究（https：//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03648892），以阐明使用不同方法得出相互矛盾结果的原因。具体来说，我们以前的研究使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET），以测量D2BP使用多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂放射性配体18Ffallypride后一段时间的饮食稳定和标准化早餐后3小时。发现D2BP和BMI之间呈相反方向相关性的报告通常使用D2受体拮抗剂放射性配体11 Craclopride研究BMI较高的受试者。此外，先前的研究通常在空腹状态下进行，但受试者之前的食物摄入没有得到良好控制。本研究将尝试通过使用18Ffallypride和11Craclopride测量39名成年人的D2BP来解决争议，其中三个BMI分层中的每一个都有13人代表较大的BMI范围，在控制过夜禁食条件下，经过一段时间的饮食稳定。主要目的是估计纹状体D2BP和BMI之间的数学关系，并确定来自18Ffallypride和11Craclopride的D2BP的受试者内相关性。

Evidence from neuroimaging studies indicates that brain regions supporting reward processing and habit formation may be related to an individual's eating behavior and obesity propensity. In particular, previous research has found that dopamine D2 receptor binding potential (D2BP) may be related to opportunistic eating behaviors, body fat, and body mass index (BMI). However, conflicting data on the nature of this relationship have been reported. We recently completed a clinical research study (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03648892) to elucidate the reasons for the conflicting results that used somewhat different methodologies. Specifically, our previous study used positron emission tomography (PET) to measure D2BP using the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist radioligand 18Ffallypride following a period of dietary stabilization and 3 hours after a standardized breakfast. Reports finding correlations between D2BP and BMI in the opposite direction have typically investigated subjects with higher BMI using the D2 receptor antagonist radioligand 11Craclopride. Furthermore, previous studies were typically conducted in the fasted state, but the subjects prior food intake was not well-controlled. The present study will attempt to resolve the controversy by measuring D2BP using both 18Ffallypride and 11Craclopride in 39 adults, 13 within each of three BMI strata to represent a large BMI range, under controlled overnight fasting conditions following a period of dietary stabilization. The primary aims are to estimate the mathematical relationship between striatal D2BP and BMI and determine the within-subject correlations of D2BP derived from 18Ffallypride and 11Craclopride.