GENERATIONAL EFFECTS--PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE

本研究的主要目的是了解 更大的地方，国家和世界历史的个人，他们有 来展示这段历史是如何影响 过去和现在的态度和行动;并复制调查结果 在这些问题上，随着时间的推移，在不同的社会， 重要的概括，并发现这些限制 一般化和修改所需的， 历史经验的特殊性。这项研究是在 一个生命历程的角度，测试青春期的重要性， 成年早期是记忆形成的关键时期， 态度和行动贯穿于后期的发展。 研究设计主要要求开放式提问， 严格的抽样访谈调查有三种类型：冗长的面对面 底特律大都会地区的抽样代表调查， 将允许深入探索过去记忆的联系 提出的态度和行动，以及对影响的关注， 地方一级的历史;一个更短、更有重点的全国电话 对美国公众的一个横截面的调查，为了概括 过去（1985年）的结果对个人和 在青春期和成年早期的国家历史，并重复 从以前的面对面访谈中选出的问题;以及一系列 在其他一些国家（包括立陶宛， 俄罗斯共和国、日本和尼加拉瓜），它们在 美国的历史和文化。

The main goals of this research are to understand the influence on individuals of the larger local, national, and world history that they have lived through; to show how that history affects both collective memories of the past and present attitudes and actions; and to replicate findings on these issues over time and across societies in order both to establish important generalizations and to discover the limits of these generalizations and the modifications required in them by the particularities of historical experience. The research is being done within a life course perspective that tests the importance of adolescence and early adulthood as a critical period for the shaping of memories, attitudes, and actions throughout later development. The research design calls primarily for open-ended questioning within rigorous sample interview surveys of three types: a lengthy face-to-face survey of a sample representative of the Metropolitan Detroit area, which will allow intensive exploration of the connection of memories of the past to present attitudes and actions, as well as a concern for the impact of history at the local level; a shorter and more focused national telephone survey of a cross-section of the American public, in order to generalize past (1985) results on the importance of the intersection of personal and national history during adolescence and early adulthood, and to repeat selected questions from the previous face-to-face interview; and a series of basic replications in a number of other countries (including Lithuania, the Russian Republic, Japan, and Nicaragua), which differ greatly in history and culture from the United States.