Work characteristics, alcohol use disorders, and occupational injury

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案旨在研究工作的结构和心理社会特征及其与其他社会经济因素的相互作用在重度饮酒和酒精使用障碍的发展中所起的作用，并进行纵向研究。 此外，酒精使用的特点，职业事故和伤害的贡献将被检查，以及这些模式是否可能被修改的结构特征的职业，除了其他社会经济因素。 这项研究将整合1979年全国青年纵向调查中有关工作，教育，社会经济变量和职业伤害的广泛数据，以及O*NET的职业措施，这些措施描述了工作的实质性复杂性，工作是否与人或物有关，以及职业身体需求。 主要目标是：1）评估职业特征的影响（工作的实质性复杂性，与人和事物的工作，以及身体需求）对大量饮酒和酒精使用障碍的风险;评估工作特征对随后的酒精使用结果的直接影响;饮酒障碍中教育相关梯度的调解;以及大量饮酒和酒精使用障碍对受试者职业轨迹的相互影响; 2）检查酒精消费和酒精使用障碍发生率和患病率的种族和民族差异，并评估职业特征的贡献，特别注意黑人和西班牙裔个人的教育程度和工作的实质性复杂性之间的差异;和3）评估与酒精使用过程和时间模式相关的职业伤害的长期风险，使用酒精摄入量和AUDs的纵向测量，并评估发病率，损失的时间和相关费用。 潜在增长轨迹和结构方程模型的应用，以评估工作特点和职业轨迹，以及它们与酒精使用的关系，不仅提供更好的纵向和生命过程的相互关系的评估，但也允许互惠或反向关系的建模。 这种方法可以有重大意义，集中注意力的持续或纵向属性的工作生活和途径，从教育到工作，有助于，或导致，模式的严重或问题饮酒或酒精依赖，职业轨迹，事故和工伤的风险。 它可能有助于制定一个生命过程模型，将职业轨迹作为健康结果评估的一个组成因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal intends to examine the role that structural and psychosocial characteristics of work, and their interaction with other socioeconomic factors, play in the development of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders, examined longitudinally. In addition, the contribution of alcohol-use characteristics to occupational accidents and injuries will be examined, and whether these patterns might be modified by structural characteristics of occupation in addition to other socioeconomic factors. This study will integrate the extensive data on work, education, socioeconomic variables, and occupational injury available in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 with occupational measures from the O*NET that describe the substantive complexity of work, whether work engages with people or things, and occupational physical demands. The principal aims are to: 1) evaluate the effects of occupational characteristics (substantive complexity of work, work with people versus things, and physical demands) on the risk of heavy drinking and alcohol-use disorders; assessing direct effects of work characteristics on subsequent alcohol-use outcomes; mediation of education-related gradients in drinking disorders; and reciprocal effects of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders on the occupational trajectories of subjects; 2) examine racial and ethnic differences in incidence and prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcohol-use disorders, and assess the contribution of occupational characteristics, with particular attention to differentials between educational attainment and the substantive complexity of work in Black and Hispanic individuals; and 3) Evaluate the long-term risk of occupational injuries in association with the course and temporal patterns of alcohol use, using longitudinal measures of alcohol intake and AUDs and assessing incidence, lost time, and associated costs. The application of latent growth trajectory and structural equation modeling to the evaluation of work characteristics and career trajectories, and their relation to alcohol use will not only provide better longitudinal and life-course assessment of their interrelationship, but also allows for the modeling of reciprocal or reversed relationships. This approach can have major significance in focusing attention toward ongoing or longitudinal attributes of working life and the pathways from education to work that contribute to, or result in, patterns of heavy or problem drinking or alcohol dependence, career trajectories, and the risk of accident and injury at work. It may contribute to the development of a life-course model that incorporates occupational trajectories as a component factor in the assessment of health outcomes.