Sleep Deprivation and Energy Balance

描述（由申请人提供）：当今生活的需求对时间有很高的要求。自愿睡眠缩短是一种地方病，许多成年人每晚平均睡眠时间为6小时。观察数据表明，睡眠时间短与肥胖的可能性更大有关。轻度慢性睡眠剥夺可能是肥胖症惊人增长的一个重要的和潜在的可纠正的行为因素。没有明确的人类实验研究表明睡眠剥夺是否确实有助于增加能量摄入和/或减少能量消耗。我们提出了一系列新的研究，以调查异常的能量平衡赋予睡眠剥夺。这些探索性研究结合了联合收割机用于监测人类睡眠、食物摄入、能量消耗和神经内分泌能量调节的最新技术。我们将测量24名BMI正常（20-25 kg/m2）的健康受试者的食物摄入量、能量消耗（基础代谢率、食物的热效应和非运动活动产热）和神经激素水平。12名受试者（6名男性和6名女性）将被随机分配至睡眠剥夺组。在3天的基线评估后，这些受试者将经历8天的适度睡眠剥夺，然后是4天的恢复期。将测量结果与随机分配至对照组且未被剥夺睡眠的12名受试者的测量结果进行比较。睡眠剥夺受试者和对照受试者的年龄和性别相当，并将在相同的持续时间内在临床研究中心接受类似的监测和测量。我们将测试以下假设：1。睡眠剥夺导致正能量平衡（热量摄入增加，能量消耗减少，反映在非运动活动产热减少）。2.食欲和能量消耗的失调与控制食欲和新陈代谢的分子的变化有关。3.与8天的适度睡眠剥夺相关的变化至少部分地在4天的恢复期内解决。这种探索性的应用建立在既定的研究计划之上，首先解决睡眠和肥胖的神经内分泌机制，其次解决人类能量摄入和能量消耗的调节。这些研究将为睡眠剥夺是否会促进食物摄入量增加和/或活动水平降低以及调节食欲和代谢的分子的潜在作用提供新的重要见解。公共卫生相关性：我们建议检查两周的适度睡眠限制是否会导致食物摄入量增加和能量消耗减少，从而可能诱发肥胖。这些发现将有助于解释普通人群睡眠时间的减少是否可能导致目前肥胖的流行，并提出控制体重的新策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The demands of present day living have placed a high premium on time. Voluntary sleep curtailment is endemic and many adults typically sleep an average of six hours per night. Observational data suggest that short sleep duration is associated with a greater likelihood of being obese. Low grade chronic sleep deprivation may constitute an important and potentially correctable behavioral factor in the alarming increase in obesity. There are no definitive experimental studies in humans showing whether sleep deprivation indeed contributes to increased energy intake and/or reduced energy expenditure. We propose a series of novel studies to investigate abnormalities in energy homeostasis imparted by sleep deprivation. These exploratory studies combine state-of-the-art techniques for monitoring sleep, food intake, energy expenditure and neuroendocrine energy regulation in humans. We will measure food intake, energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and non-exercise activity thermogenesis), and neurohormone levels in 24 healthy subjects with normal BMI (20-25 kg/m2). Twelve subjects (6 men and 6 women) will be randomized to sleep deprivation. After a 3 day baseline evaluation, these subjects will undergo 8 days of modest sleep deprivation followed by a 4 day recovery period. Measurements will be compared to those obtained in 12 subjects who are randomized to a control group, and are not sleep deprived. Sleep deprived and control subjects will be comparable for age and gender and will undergo similar monitoring and measurements in the Clinical Research Unit over the same duration. We will test the following hypotheses: 1. That sleep deprivation results in positive energy balance (increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure, as reflected by decreased non-exercise activity thermogenesis). 2. That dysregulation of appetite and energy expenditure is associated with changes in molecules controlling appetite and metabolism. 3. That changes associated with 8 days of modest sleep deprivation resolve, at least in part, over a 4 day recovery period. This exploratory application builds on established research programs addressing first, neuroendocrine mechanisms in sleep and obesity, and second, the regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in humans. These studies will provide novel and important insights into whether sleep deprivation promotes increased food intake and/or reduced activity levels, and into the potential role of molecules that regulate appetite and metabolism. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We propose to examine whether two weeks of modest sleep restriction results in increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure, thus potentially predisposing to obesity. These findings will help explain whether the reduced sleep duration in the general population may be contributing to the current epidemic of obesity, and suggest novel strategies for weight control.