A Longitudinal Study of the Predictors of Smoking in Women in Late Midlife

描述(由申请人提供)：这项纵向研究的总体目标是检查女性在中年后期吸烟和依赖的病因预测因素和后果。我们将关注与中年后期体验相关的更广泛的社会环境背景(例如，社区服务和组织、社区凝聚力、社会网络和社会支持)，以及与烟草使用和依赖、药物使用、健康和精神病理学相关的个人因素的交互作用。1975年的原始样本包括平均年龄为32岁(T1)的女性。随后，这些女性在她们的平均年龄分别为40岁(T2)、42岁(T3)和47岁(T4)时接受了采访。建议在参与者平均年龄为62岁时对女性进行第五次数据收集(T5)，以实现以下目的：(1)检查人格(包括精神病理学)、家庭、朋友和社会环境背景因素之间的相互关系和相互作用，因为它们与烟草使用和依赖的过程(即随着时间的稳定和变化)和戒烟有关；(2)研究长期使用烟草和依赖对女性精神病理和功能的影响；以及(3)检查两代人对烟草依赖和戒烟的影响。访谈将在参与者的家中由训练有素的采访者进行。将开发具有足够的心理测量学特性来测量自变量的量表。主要的分析技术将是因果分析、逻辑回归分析和增长混合建模。这项研究对公共卫生的意义在于个人内部、人际关系和邻里之间的纵向数据，这些数据可以在几个关键的发展阶段获得。由于烟草使用是女性许多不良健康后果(例如癌症)的主要预测因素，这项研究将与国家癌症研究所的使命有很大的相关性。了解从32岁到62岁烟草依赖的纵向途径以及停止使用烟草将有助于为治疗提供详细和具体的指导方针。这项研究的独特之处还在于，可以根据烟草使用和依赖的累积影响来评估其长期影响。此外，通过确定可以减轻烟草使用和对中年后期妇女功能依赖的不利影响的保护性因素，我们可以提供有效的治疗努力和公共政策所需的额外信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goals of this longitudinal study are to examine etiologic predictors and consequences of women's tobacco use and dependence in late midlife. Our focus related to the late midlife experience will be on the broader socioenvironmental context (e.g., neighborhood services and organizations, neighborhood cohesion, social network, and social support), in interaction with individual factors related to tobacco use and dependence, drug use, health, and psychopathology. The original sample in 1975 consisted of women whose average age was 32 (T1). Subsequently, the women were interviewed when their average age was 40 (T2), 42 (T3), and 47 (T4). A fifth data collection (T5) for the women is proposed when the participants are an average age of 62, in order to accomplish the following: (1) examine interrelations and interactions of personality (including psychopathology), family, friend, and socioenvironmental contextual factors as they relate to the course of tobacco use and dependence over time (i.e., stability and change) and cessation; (2) study the consequences of long-term tobacco use and dependence on women's psychopathology and functioning; and (3) examine the impact of tobacco dependence and cessation across two generations. Interviews will be conducted in the participants' homes by trained interviewers. Scales with adequate psychometric properties measuring the independent variables will be developed. The primary analytic techniques will be causal analysis, logistic regression analysis, and growth mixture modeling. The significance of this study for public health lies in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and neighborhood longitudinal data available at several crucial stages of development. Since tobacco use is a major predictor of many adverse health outcomes in women (e.g., cancer), this study will have great relevance for the mission of the National Cancer Institute. Knowledge of the longitudinal pathways to tobacco dependence from age 32 to 62 and the cessation of tobacco use will help provide detailed and specific guidelines for treatment. This study is also unique in that the long-term effects of tobacco use and dependence can be evaluated for their cumulative impact. In addition, by identifying protective factors that can mitigate the adverse effects of tobacco use and dependence on women's functioning in late midlife, we can provide additional information necessary for effective treatment efforts and public policy.