Antisocial Behavior, Genetics, and the Life Course

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的目标是整合从青春期到青年时期犯罪和其他反社会行为的遗传和生命过程模型，并使用传统和创新的统计模型和具有全国代表性的大型样本来检验所得假设。迄今为止，尽管越来越多的人认识到这些因素是协同作用的，但很少有研究调查特定基因和社会环境在反社会行为的出现和维持中的相互作用。数据来自全国青少年健康纵向研究的四波，涵盖12至31岁（nh18000）。目标1建立了与多巴胺、血清素和单胺氧化酶相关的特定神经遗传多态性（NPs，以单倍型测量）和反社会行为指标之间的联系，包括犯罪、参与刑事司法系统、物质使用和暴力行为，以及犯罪和物质使用在各个波之间的联系。目的2研究这些相同的NPs与非正式社会控制（ISCs）之间的联系，包括与父母、同伴、学校依恋、就业和青春期的宗教信仰的关系，以及在青年期，这些相同的ISCs和家庭形成模式。在目标1和目标2中，将分别研究NPs、反社会行为和ISCs的配置（例如，单个NPs和自然发生的NPs星座）。目标3发展纵向模型，通过从青春期延伸到青年期的中介模型和适度模型，将NPs、ISCs和反社会行为（个体和配置）相互联系起来，根据这些模型，高遗传风险和低非正式控制特别可能与反社会行为相关。分析将与创新的潜在变量模型的变化进行，允许这些因素之间的高度非线性。从本质上讲，这些分析将揭示遗传风险、非正式社会控制、犯罪和反社会行为是如何从青春期到青年期相互关联的。在方法上，建议的研究将提供对最新混合建模技术的见解，以及对np和环境和社会心理因素的分析。与公共卫生有关：公共卫生涉及福祉，世界卫生组织将其定义为“强调社会和个人资源以及身体能力的积极概念”（卫生组织，1986年《渥太华宪章》）。拟议的研究直接关注可能预防反社会行为的社会资源，而反社会行为又经常与危险的健康相关行为有关。因此，拟议的研究旨在确定避免这些不利结果的社会环境。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this research is to integrate genetic and life course models of criminal and otherwise antisocial behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood, and to test the resulting hypotheses with traditional and innovative statistical models and a large nationally representative sample. To date, very little research has examined the interplay between specific genes and social context in the emergence and maintenance of antisocial behaviors, despite growing appreciation that these factors operate in concert. Data come from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health spanning ages 12 to 31 (nH18,000). Aim 1 establishes links between specific neurogenetic polymorphisms (NPs, measured as haplotypes) associated with dopamine, serotonin, and monoamine oxidase, and indicators of antisocial behavior-- including delinquency, involvement with the criminal justice system, substance use, and violent acts--at each wave and, for delinquency and substance use, across waves. Aim 2 examines associations between these same NPs and informal social controls (ISCs), including relationships with parents, peers, school attachment, employment, and religiosity in adolescence, and, in young adulthood, these same ISCs and patterns of family formation. For both Aims 1 and 2, NPs, antisocial behaviors, and ISCs will each be studied individually and in configurations (e.g., single NPs, and naturally occurring constellations of NPs). Aim 3 develops longitudinal models that interrelate NPs, ISCs, and antisocial behaviors--individually and configurally--by way of mediational models extending from adolescence to young adulthood and moderational models, according to which high genetic risk and low informal controls are especially likely to be associated with antisocial behaviors. Analyses will be conducted with variations of innovative latent variable models that allow for a high degree of non-linearity among these factors. Substantively, these analyses will reveal how genetic risks, informal social controls, and criminal and antisocial behaviors are interrelated from adolescence to young adulthood. Methodologically, the proposed research will provide insight into the latest mixture modeling techniques and the analysis of NPs and contextual and psychosocial factors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public health concerns well-being, which the World Health Organization defines as "a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities" (WHO, 1986 Ottawa Charter). The proposed research is directly concerned with the social resources that may prevent antisocial behaviors which are, in turn, frequently associated with risky health-related behaviors. The proposed research thus seeks to identify the social circumstances in which these adverse outcomes are avoided.