The Impact of Adaptation on Successful Implementation

说明(申请人提供)：适应对成功实施的影响摘要在1980年代和1990年代期间，药物滥用预防研究的重点是确定可证明在阻止酒精、烟草、大麻、吸入剂和其他形式的药物使用方面有效的干预措施的组成部分。在此期间，所提出的问题是从“预防能奏效吗？”成为“什么可以通过程序的设计使程序更有效？”随着美国教育部的有效性原则的出台，以及SAMHSA国家有效方案和实践登记处(NREPP)的建立，以及相应的政策转变，促进了学校和社区团体对循证项目的资助，已经明显地从研究转向证明有效性。这项拟议的研究的目标是了解实施者如何适应All Stars，这是一个基于研究的计划，已被48个州、维尔京群岛和波多黎各的250多所学校和社区服务机构采用。这项研究的总体目标是依次回答三个问题：(1)所有明星的实施者按照书面形式修改程序的程度和原因？(2)修改如何影响目标中介和结果变量？(3)旨在促进积极修改的干预措施是否改善了结果？目前的项目将处理问题(1)和(2)，为随后专门处理问题(3)的赠款申请做准备。将进行两个分研究。分项研究1的目标是确定实施者在实施时如何以及为什么修改所有Stars。将通过审查从以前的研究项目中收集的录像带以及通过进行调查、观察和与潜在的实施者进行访谈来审查计划内和计划外的修改。修改将被记录下来，并探索这些修改的理由。子研究1将开发将在子研究2中使用的数据收集工具。子研究2的目标是从大量已使用All Stars的传播网站收集有关适应的广泛数据，以确定在改变计划目标的中介变量和青少年药物使用方面，各种类型的适应在多大程度上增强了计划的有效性、产生了中性影响或降低了计划的有效性。结果将用于后续研究，在该研究中，将制定战略，制定方案以促进积极适应和满足实施者的需要，并在随机对照试验中进行测试。项目叙述毒品使用，包括酒精、烟草、大麻、吸入剂和非法药物的使用，在全国范围内仍然是一个问题。许多以研究为基础的预防方案现在在全国范围内传播。这个项目将考察已经采用了一个药物使用预防计划的学校和社区服务机构如何向学生实施该计划，他们如何以及为什么适应该计划，以及调整对成功实现该计划的目标有什么影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Impact of Adaptation on Successful Implementation Abstract During the period encompassed by the 1980s and 1990s, the focus on drug abuse prevention research was to identify components of intervention that could be demonstrated to be efficacious in deterring the onset of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, and other forms of drug use. During this period, the question asked evolved from "Can prevention work?" to become "What can make programs more efficacious through how programs are designed?" With the advent of the US Department of Education's Principles of Effectiveness and the establishment of SAMHSA's National Registry of Effective Programs and Practices (NREPP) and a corresponding shift in policy that promoted funding for evidence-based programs in schools and community groups, there has been a noticeable shift away from research to demonstrate efficacy. The goal of the proposed research is to understand how implementers adapt All Stars, a research-based program that has been adopted by more than 250 schools and community service agencies in 48 states, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. The overall goal of this research is to answer three questions in sequence: (1) to what extent and why do All Stars' implementers modify the program as written? (2) How do modifications affect targeted mediators and outcome variables? (3) Does an intervention designed to promote positive modifications improve outcomes? The current project will address questions (1) and (2) in preparation for a subsequent grant application that will be devoted to addressing question (3). Two sub-studies will be conducted. The goal of Sub-Study 1 is to define how and why implementers modify All Stars when it is implemented. Both planned and unplanned modifications will be examined by reviewing videotapes collected from a previous research project as well as by conducting surveys, observations, and interviews with prospective implementers. Adaptations will be documented and the rationale for these modifications explored. Sub-Study 1 will result in the development of data collection tools that will be used in Sub-Study 2. The goal of Sub-Study 2 will be to collect extensive data about adaptation from a large number of dissemination sites} clients already using All Stars } to determine the degree to which various types of adaptations either augment, have a neutral effect, or diminish the effectiveness of the program in terms of changing mediating variables targeted by the program and adolescents' drug use. Results will be used in a follow-up study in which strategies for developing programming to promote positive adaptation and to meet implementers' needs will be developed and tested in a randomized control trial. Project Narrative Drug use, including the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, and illicit drugs continues to be a problem throughout the nation. Numerous research-based prevention programs are now disseminated throughout the country. This project will examine how schools and community service agencies that have adopted one drug use prevention program, All Stars, implement the program to students, how and why they make adaptations to the program, and what effect making adaptations has on successfully achieving the program's goals.