Novel Mechanisms of Behavior Change in Alcoholism Treatment

描述（由申请人提供）：目前酒精使用障碍的治疗方法在理论基础和方法上各不相同，但在临床特征差异很大的客户中通常同样有效。根据我们目前对行为改变机制（MOBC）的理解，客户治疗匹配的进展有限，这强烈支持基础到临床科学转化研究提供创新（Willenbring，2005）。更好地理解支持行为灵活性的机制对于开发更有效的治疗方法至关重要。它将通过帮助对具有不同行为改变潜在能力的客户进行分类，澄清由当前治疗激活的基本变化过程，并建议潜在的新治疗目标，从而促进客户-治疗匹配。K 02竞争性续签申请旨在建立在申请人在上一个奖项期间获得的知识，研究技能和定量培训的基础上，以进一步了解有助于情绪调节的神经生物学和神经认知过程，并可以支持或阻碍适应性行为变化。 总体目标是获得促进基础和临床科学之间转化的方法的专业知识，以表征新型MOBC。结构化的，多学科的协作专业知识和新的定量技能将应用于申请人正在进行的研究计划的数据。NIAAA支持的实验专注于酒精和安慰剂挑战对内隐记忆的影响，以及自主神经系统对中性，情绪化和酒精相关线索的反应，这些线索在不依赖酒精的年轻成年饮酒者中。NIDA支持的研究重点是在临床和高风险样本中对相同刺激和药物相关线索的记忆和反应，并检查内隐记忆和自主调节过程与干预结果的关系。技能也将被应用到试点fMRI和遗传研究的数据，从这些NIH项目招募参与者，以表征在双向反馈回路中操作的认知控制过程，在线索暴露和记忆任务期间具有自主反应性，并测试与调节过程相关的中介表型的遗传标记。对这一应用的支持将使PI能够交叉施肥进行富有成效的翻译研究所需的理论和方法，以提高对MOBC在酗酒治疗中的理解，并最大限度地发挥她对该领域的贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Current treatments for alcohol use disorders vary in theoretical foundation and approach, yet are often equally effective across clients who differ substantially in clinical features. Limited progress in client treatment matching, based on our current understanding of mechanisms of behavior change (MOBC), argues strongly for basic to clinical science translation research to provide innovation (Willenbring, 2005). Better understanding of mechanisms that support behavioral flexibility is essential for progress in developing more effective treatments. It would facilitate client-treatment matching by helping to classify clients with different underlying capacities for behavior change, clarify fundamental change processes ctivated by current treatments, and suggest potentially new treatment targets. This K02 competitive renewal application seeks to build upon the knowledge, research skills, and quantitative training the applicant gained during the previous award period to further understand neurobiological and neurocognitive processes that subserve emotional regulation and can act to support or hinder adaptive behavioral change. The overarching goal is to gain expertise in methods that promote translation between basic and clinical science to characterize novel MOBC. Structured, multidisciplinary collaborative expertise and new quantitative skills will be applied to data from the applicant's ongoing research program. NIAAA supported experiments focus on alcohol and placebo challenge effects on implicit memory for, and autonomic nervous system reactivity to, neutral, emotionally valenced and alcohol-related cues in young adult drinkers who are not alcohol dependent. The NIDA supported study focuses on memory and reactivity to the same stimuli, and to drug-related cues, in clinical and high risk samples, and examines the relation of implicit memory and autonomic regulatory processes to intervention outcomes. Skills will also be applied to data from pilot fMRI and genetic studies that recruit participants from these NIH projects to characterize cognitive control processes that operate in bidirectional feedback loops with autonomic reactivity during cue exposure and memory tasks, and test for genetic markers of intermediary phenotypes related to regulatory processes. Support of this application will allow the PI to cross-fertilize theories and methods needed to conduct productive translation research to improve understanding of MOBC in alcoholism treatment, and maximize her contributions to the field.