Open-label randomised trial of Tolvaptan versus fluid restriction in hospitalised patients with moderate-severe hyponatraemia

低血钠水平，即低钠血症，是最常见的电解质问题。15%的住院患者会出现这种情况，并可能导致精神错乱、癫痫发作和致命的脑肿胀。低钠血症的标准治疗是限制口服液体，但这是缓慢的，并不总是有效的。托伐普坦对轻度低钠血症有效，但尚未对严重病例进行正式测试。我们将比较托伐普坦与限制液体治疗对严重低钠血症患者的益处和风险。

Low blood sodium level, known as hyponatraemia, is the most common electrolyte problem. It occurs in 15% of hospital patients, and can cause confusion, seizure and fatal brain swelling. Standard treatment for hyponatraemia is limiting oral fluid, but this is slow and not always effective. The drug tolvaptan works in mild hyponatraemia, but hasn't been formally tested in severe cases. We will compare benefits and risks of tolvaptan versus fluid restriction in patients with severe hyponatremia.