Cardiovascular Knowledge, Risk Perception & Actual Risk in HIV-infected Patients

描述(由申请人提供)：心血管疾病(CVD)是感染艾滋病毒的患者的主要死亡原因。与未感染艾滋病毒的人相比，感染艾滋病毒的患者患急性心肌梗死的几率更高，而且年龄更小。到目前为止，还没有研究检查艾滋病毒感染患者是否意识到这种增加的风险。此外，还没有研究探索这一人群的风险因素知识水平。对未感染艾滋病毒的成年人的研究表明，对心血管危险因素的了解显著影响对风险的感知。此外，认为自己处于高危状态的人可能更愿意改变负面的健康行为。因此，知识和风险认知是影响个人采取健康行为和降低患心脏病风险的意愿的重要因素。因此，这项研究的目的是描述一群感染艾滋病毒的成年人对心血管危险因素的了解和对心血管疾病的风险认知。这项研究的具体目的是：1.研究目的：1.以HIV感染者为样本，研究心血管危险因素知识对心血管病认知风险的影响。描述，a.)使用Framingham风险评估工具评估心血管疾病的实际风险，b)心血管疾病的感知风险，以及c.)HIV感染者对心血管危险因素的认知水平；描述艾滋病毒感染者心血管疾病的实际风险和感知风险之间的关系。将从东北部两家以医院为基础的艾滋病毒诊所招募90名艾滋病毒感染者的样本。健康信念模型将被用来指导这项研究。将使用描述性统计、线性回归和相关统计来检验这些关系。希望从这项研究中获得的知识将导致制定有针对性的干预措施，帮助减少艾滋病毒感染者的心脏病。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究将检查一组HIV感染患者的心血管危险因素知识水平，以及感知和实际的心血管疾病风险。这项研究具有重大的公共卫生意义，因为美国有100多万人感染艾滋病毒，心血管疾病已成为这一人群的主要死亡原因。描述风险因素、知识和感知风险是制定干预措施以解决这一重要健康问题的第一步。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in patients infected with HIV. HIV-infected patients experience higher rates of acute myocardial infarction and at younger ages compared to individuals without HIV infection. To date, no studies have examined whether HIV-infected patients are aware of this increased risk. In addition, no studies have explored the level of risk factor knowledge in this population. Research in adults without HIV infection suggests that knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors significantly influences perception of risk. Additionally, individuals who perceive themselves to be at high risk may be more willing to change negative health behaviors. Therefore, knowledge and risk perception are important factors influencing an individual's willingness to adopt healthy behaviors and reduce their risk of developing heart disease. Thus, the purpose of this study is to describe cardiovascular risk factor knowledge and CVD risk perception in a cohort of HIV-infected adults. The specific aims of this study are to: 1.) examine the influence of cardiovascular risk factor knowledge on perceived risk of cardiovascular disease in a sample of HIV-infected patients; 2.) describe, a.) the actual risk of cardiovascular disease using the Framingham Risk Assessment Tool, b.) the perceived risk of cardiovascular disease, and c.) the level of cardiovascular risk factor knowledge in HIV- infected adults; and 3.) describe the relationship between actual and perceived risk of CVD in HIV-infected persons. A sample of 90 HIV-infected men and women will be recruited from two hospital-based HIV clinics in the Northeast. The Health Belief Model will be used to guide this study. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and correlation statistics will be used to examine these relationships. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from this study will lead to the development of targeted interventions that will help reduce heart disease in HIV- infected individuals. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study will examine the level of cardiovascular risk factor knowledge, and perceived and actual risk of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of HIV-infected patients. This study has significant public health relevance since there are over one million individuals infected with HIV in the United States and cardiovascular disease has emerged as a leading cause of death in this population. Describing risk factor knowledge and perceived risk is a first step toward the development of interventions to address this important health problem.