Neural mechanisms of distractor filtering in the parietal cortex

描述(申请人提供)：大脑如何过滤分散注意力的视觉信息？众所周知，显著的视觉刺激可以引起一过性的眼跳或注意力捕捉。如果目标是迅速定位到外围的潜在捕食者，这种现象在生态上是有用的，但如果它分散了对不同目标的注意力，如监测难以捉摸的猎物，则非常有害。因此，过滤分散注意力的、不相关的视觉信息的神经机制对于防止浪费的眼跳或注意力转移至关重要。这种过滤可能是视觉刺激的相互竞争的神经表征之间的侧向抑制相互作用的直接结果，尽管这些过程背后的细节还没有被很好地理解。猴子的外侧顶内区域(LIP)编码了空间位置的相对优先级，该脑区的活动可以可靠地预测注意力轨迹或即将到来的扫视的目标。在LIP的“显著图”中，空间位置利用它们的活动来竞争注意力和扫视优先级。以前的研究已经探索了动机或注意力等自上而下的兴奋过程如何增强嘴唇中与行为相关的刺激相关的活动，从而提高它们在这张地图上的相对优先级。然而，初步证据表明，LIP中的侧向抑制相互作用与这些兴奋过程协同工作，可能对过滤分散注意力的信息和解决刺激之间的竞争至关重要，尽管这一点尚未被探索。在这个提案中，我的目标是系统地探索嘴唇侧向抑制相互作用在过滤分散注意力的视觉信息中的作用，并确定这与清醒行为猴子的扫视行为有何关系。我们将在LIP中结合心理物理和生理记录来研究以下三个目标：1)表征LIP中侧向抑制的时空特性以及它们是如何被预期奖励调制的；2)确定这些过程是如何与扫视行为相关的；以及3)通过使用成对电极记录来直接比较竞争刺激的反应来探索分心过滤的机制。这项研究有望使我们深入了解空间注意和眼跳决策过程中的一般神经机制。这项建议为壁上的患者提供了显著的健康益处，他们在感知和眼动行为方面表现出极端的缺陷。前两个目标将直接描述未探索的正常功能领域，第三个目标可能会导致为未来的药物靶向识别细胞群体。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): How does the brain filter distracting visual information? It is well known that salient visual stimuli can elicit transient saccadic or attentional capture. This phenomenon is ecologically useful if the goal is to rapidly orient to a potential predator in the periphery, but highly detrimental if it distracts from a different goal such as monitoring elusive prey. Therefore, neural mechanisms for filtering distracting, irrelevant visual information are crucial for preventing wasteful saccadic or attentional shifts. This filtering may emerge as a direct consequence of lateral suppressive interactions between competing neural representations of visual stimuli, though the details underlying these processes are not well understood. The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of the monkey encodes the relative priority of spatial locations, and activity in this brain area can reliably predict the locus of attention or the target of an upcoming saccade. Within LIP's "salience map," spatial locations compete using their activity for attentional and saccadic priority. Previous studies have explored how "top-down" excitatory processes such as motivation or attention can enhance the activity associated with behaviorally relevant stimuli in LIP, thus increasing their relative priority on this map. However, preliminary evidence suggests that lateral suppressive interactions in LIP operate in tandem with these excitatory processes and may be crucial for filtering distracting information and resolving competition between stimuli, though this has not yet been explored. In this proposal, my goal is to systematically explore the role of lateral suppressive interactions in LIP in filtering distracting visual information, and determine how this is related to saccadic behavior in the awake behaving monkey. We will use a combination of psychophysics and physiological recordings in LIP to investigate the following 3 aims: 1) Characterize the spatiotemporal properties of lateral suppression in LIP and how they are modulated by expected reward 2) Determine how these processes are related to saccadic behavior, and 3) Explore the mechanism of distractor filtering by using paired electrode recordings to directly compare the responses of competing stimuli. This research will hopefully give us insight into the general neural mechanisms that underlie the processes of spatial attention and saccadic decision making. This proposal offers significant health benefits to parietal patients, who exhibit extreme deficits in perception and oculomotor behavior. The first two aims would directly characterize unexplored areas of normal functioning, and the third aim could potentially lead to the identification of cellular populations for future drug targeting.