Social Ties and Health: Aggregating Data from Five Viral-Challenge Trials

描述（由申请人提供）：这个拟议的项目计划制作、记录和存档一个数据库，该数据库结合了来自5项前瞻性病毒挑战研究（9种不同的病毒）的最终研究数据，重点是检查社会心理因素在普通感冒易感性中的作用。在这些独特的研究中，假设的预测变量和中介变量在18-55岁的健康成年人中进行了评估，然后实验暴露于引起普通感冒的病毒，并监测感染的发展和疾病的体征和症状。临床疾病（在40%的志愿者中发现）被定义为既感染又表现出疾病的体征和症状。该设计允许确定给定研究中感兴趣的变量（例如，压力，性格）是否预测谁在病毒暴露后会患上临床感冒。合并这5项研究的数据提供了在两项或更多研究中重复分析的机会，或合并任何或所有研究的数据，从而为检测小影响和复杂的中介和调节测试提供了足够的能力。这项建议的第一个目的是利用综合数据来解决有关社会关系在健康中的作用的重要问题。在6-14天的时间里，通过问卷调查和日常访谈来评估社会关系的数量和质量。将对汇总数据集进行分析，以帮助确定(1)对健康最重要的社会关系类型；(2)将不同类型的社会关系与健康联系起来的独特机制；(3)可能有利于干预的社会关系成分；(4)使个人或多或少地对社会关系的影响作出反应的特征。其次，除了这些研究目标之外，该申请的主要目的是将这5项研究的综合数据传播给更广泛的科学界。尽管每项研究都是为了解决一组特定的假设而设计的，但在多达1400名参与者的多项研究中收集了许多变量。这些包括：标准控制变量/协变量（例如，年龄、性别、种族、体重、季节和对抗病毒的特异性抗体滴度）；预测变量和中介变量，如社会关系、压力、个性、情感、社会经济地位、健康习惯、局部细胞因子反应和内分泌水平的测量；以及对疾病（感冒）的评估，包括与病毒相关的生物学和症状/体征结果。其他研究中常见的结果包括基础血压、心率和肺功能。个体研究还包括生物衰老的标志物和急性应激反应的评估。这些独特而有价值的数据可以用来解决我们研究目标之外的许多问题。创建一个集中的、可公开使用的在线数据存储库，将立即对科学界的价值最大化产生影响。从长远来看，从这些数据中得出的发现可能有助于深入了解传统医疗技术通常无法解决的可能替代干预目标。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed project plans to produce, document and archive a data repository that combines final research data from 5 prospective viral-challenge studies (9 different viruses) focused on examining the roles of psychosocial factors in susceptibility to the common cold. In these unique studies, hypothesized predictor and mediating variables were assessed in healthy adults aged 18-55 years, who were then experimentally exposed to a virus that causes the common cold and monitored for development of infection and signs and symptoms of illness. Clinical illness (found in 40% of volunteers) was defined as both being infected and expressing signs and symptoms of disease. This design allowed the determination of whether variables of interest in a given study (e.g., stress, personality) predicted who developed a clinical cold following viral exposure. Merging the data from these 5 studies provides the opportunity to replicate analyses across two or more of the studies or combine data from any or all of the studies, allowing adequate power for detection of small effects and sophisticated tests of mediation and moderation. The first aim of this proposal is to use the combined data to address important questions about the role of social relationships in health. Both the quantity and quality of social relationships were assessed at baseline using both questionnaires and daily interviews over 6-14 days. Analysis of the aggregated dataset will be conducted to help identify (1) the types of social ties that matter most for health; (2) the unique mechanisms linking different types of social ties to health; (3) components of social relationships likely to be conducive to intervention; and (4) characteristics of individuals that make them more or less responsive to the influences of social ties. Second, in addition to these research aims, a major thrust of this application is to disseminate the combined data from these 5 studies to the broader scientific community. Although each study was designed to address a specific set of hypotheses, many variables were collected across the multiple studies in up to 1,400 participants. These included: standard control variables/covariates (e.g., age, sex, race, body mass, season, and specific antibody titer to the challenge virus); predictor and mediator variables such as measures of social relationships, stress, personality, affect, socioeconomic status, health practices, local cytokine response, and endocrine levels; and assessment of illness (colds) including viral-related biology and symptom/sign outcomes. Other outcomes common across studies included basal blood pressure, heart rate, and pulmonary function. Individual studies also included markers of biological aging and assessments of acute stress response. These unique and valuable data could be used to address numerous questions beyond those included in our research aims. Creating a centralized and publicly available online data repository will have the immediate effect of maximizing their worth to the scientific community. In the long term, findings derived from these data may provide insight into possible alternative targets for intervention that typically are not addressed using conventional medical techniques. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project plans to combine, analyze and make publicly available data from 5 viral-challenge studies focused on examining the roles of psychological and social factors in susceptibility to the common cold. Our specific interest is in the role of social relationships in the development of signs and symptoms of disease. Because all 5 studies collected data on multiple psychosocial, behavioral, and biological variables, the public availability of these findings will provide investigators from various disciplines with the opportunity to examine associations of other psychosocial and behavioral factors with multiple measures of disease and disease risk, thus providing insight into possible alternative targets for intervention that typically are not addressed using conventional medical techniques.