Genomic analysis of adaptation in Drosophila

描述（申请人提供）：自达尔文出版《物种起源》以来，对适应的探索一直是进化生物学研究的重点。尽管研究历史悠久，适应的遗传基础只是最近才得到全面研究，主要是因为直到最近，还没有必要的遗传和基因组技术。高迁移率物种适应的一个标志是同一物种种群之间的遗传分化。在这种情况下，不同环境中的局部选择足以克服基因流动的反作用力。拟开展的工作旨在探索适应基因组学沿着纬度倾斜的遗传模型系统，果蝇。这项工作将使用微阵列分析，DNA测序和遗传学，以描述基因的变化（和相关的表型）的影响，空间变化的选择在D。黑腹菌公共卫生相关性：该项目的目标是利用基因组技术、群体遗传学方法和遗传分析来了解果蝇基因组中影响配子发生、减数分裂和DNA修复相关表型的变异。这些方法最终可以用于人类。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The exploration of adaptation has been a keystone of evolutionary biology research since Darwin published Origin of Species. Despite this long history of investigation, the genetic basis of adaptation has only recently been studied in a comprehensive manner, primarily because until recently, the necessary genetic and genomic technologies were unavailable. One signature of adaptation in species with high migration rates is genetic differentiation between populations of the same species. In such cases, local selection in different environments is strong enough to overcome the homogenizing force of gene flow. The proposed work seeks to explore the genomics of adaptation along latitudinal clines in the genetic model system, Drosophila melanogaster. The work will use microarray analysis, DNA sequencing, and genetics, to describe variation in genes (and the associated phenotypes) influenced by spatially varying selection in D. melanogaster. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this project is to use genomic technologies, population genetic approaches, and genetic analysis to understand variation in the Drosophila genome affecting phenotypes related to gametogenesis, meiosis and DNA repair. These approaches could eventually be used in human populations.