Southeastern Pennsylvania Adult and Pediatric Prevention Epicenter Network

描述（由申请人提供）：医疗保健相关感染（HAIs），特别是那些由于抗菌素耐药病原体引起的感染，是非常常见的，并且与发病率、死亡率和成本的显著增加有关。近年来，由于过度使用抗菌素，抗菌素耐药性显著增加。然而，限制不必要抗生素使用的努力收效甚微。不适当的抗生素使用主要是由于无法确定哪些情况不需要经验性抗生素。生物标志物在决定停止抗生素治疗中的作用尚不清楚，特别是在危重成人患者中。针对儿童的研究就更少了。生物标志物干预的经济影响尚不清楚。该项目的目标是减少重症监护病房（ICU）设置中不必要的抗生素使用。该研究的第一阶段将确定生物标志物，以最好地识别细菌感染可能性极低的危重患者。在第二阶段，将测试基于生物标志物的算法对减少抗生素使用的影响。最后，我们将扩大特拉华谷病例控制网络（DVCCN）的范围，以解决未来疾病预防控制中心的倡议。具体研究阶段和目标如下：第一阶段：候选生物标志物的测试特征目标1：评估候选生物标志物的测试特征，用于识别危重成人中极低可能性细菌感染的患者评估候选生物标志物的测试特征，以识别危重儿童中细菌感染可能性极低的患者。目标1和目标2的假设是，可以识别出一种生物标志物或生物标志物的组合，显示出对细菌感染的高阴性预测值。评估基于生物标志物的算法对减少危重症成人抗生素使用的影响目标4：评估基于生物标志物的算法对减少危重症儿童抗生素使用的影响目标3和4的假设是，基于生物标志物的算法的使用将与抗生素使用的显着减少相关次要目标1：确定成人生物标志物算法的增量成本（节省）次要目标2：目标5：为未来的CDC预防中心计划扩大DVCCN的范围。这项工作将为基于生物标志物的算法在减少危重患者不必要的抗生素使用方面的潜在影响提供重要见解。完善的DVCCN合作将提供一个特殊的临床站点网络，在其中开展未来的CDC预防中心倡议

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly those due to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, are very common and are associated with significant increases in morbidity, mortality, and cost. Antimicrobial resistance has increased markedly in recent years due to overuse of antimicrobials. However, efforts to limit unnecessary antibiotic use have met with little success. Inappropriate antibiotic use is largely driven by the inability to identify conditions for which empiric antibiotics are unnecessary. The role of biomarkers in informing decisions to stop antibiotic therapy remains unclear, especially in critically ill adults. Even fewer studies have been conducted in children. The economic impact of biomarker interventions is unknown. The goal of this project is to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Phase I of the study will identify the biomarker(s) that best identify critically ill patients who have a very low likelihood of bacterial infection. In Phase II, the impact of a biomarker-based algorithm on reducing antibiotic use will be tested. Finally, we will expand the scope of the Delaware Valley Case Control Network (DVCCN) to address future CDC Prevention Epicenter initiatives. The specific study phases and aims are: Phase I: Test Characteristics of Candidate Biomarkers Aim 1: to assess the test characteristics of candidate biomarkers for identifying patients with very low likelihood of bacterial infection among critically ill adults Aim 2: to assess the test characteristics of candidate biomarkers for identifying patients with very low likelihood of bacterial infection among critically ill children The hypotheses for Aims 1 and 2 are that a biomarker or combination of biomarkers can be identified that demonstrates a high negative predictive value for bacterial infection Phase II: Impact of a Biomarker-Based Algorithm on Antibiotic Use Aim 3: to evaluate the impact of a biomarker-based algorithm on reducing antibiotic use in critically ill adults Aim 4: to evaluate the impact of a biomarker-based algorithm on reducing antibiotic use in critically ill children The hypotheses for Aims 3 and 4 are that use of the biomarker-based algorithm will be associated with significant reductions in antibiotic use Secondary Aim 1: to determine incremental costs (savings) of the biomarker algorithm in adults Secondary Aim 2: to determine incremental costs (savings) of the biomarker algorithm in children Aim 5: to expand the scope of the DVCCN for future CDC Prevention Epicenter initiatives This work will provide crucial insights into the potential impact of biomarker-based algorithms on reducing unnecessary antibiotic use in critically ill patients. The well-established DVCCN collaborative will provide an exceptional network of clinical sites within which to conduct future CDC Prevention Epicenter initiatives