Cosmic structures: from CMB to interstellar medium

拟议的研究处于宇宙学和银河天体物理学的最前沿，将推进我们对宇宙基本性质的认识。宇宙微波背景（CMB）和大尺度结构实验技术的进步导致了宇宙学基本参数的精确测定。现在的重点是详细验证早期宇宙的暴胀模型和恢复后期的再电离历史。对于这两个事件，开始出现的CMB偏振数据将是至关重要的。这项研究的成功将对引力理论和早期宇宙产生影响，并有可能为弦论的低能极限提供观测极限。起源于宇宙学的统计方法应用于星际介质，为研究星际湍流的基本性质开辟了新的途径。这是一个相当新颖的研究领域，具有显著的预期效益。一方面，磁化湍流的统计特征可以成为理解它的关键。 另一方面，更准确地描述银河系辐射被视为CMB的前景，将导致更好地分离宇宙学和银河系信号。特别是，银河系辐射的统计各向异性的检测和建模可能只是恢复这两个问题的唯一关键。

Proposed research is at the forefront of cosmology  and Galactic astrophysics and will advance our knowledge of fundamental properties of the Universe. Advances in experimental techniques both for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Large Scale Structure led to determination of the basic set of cosmological parameters to great precision. The emphasis now is on detailed verification of the inflationary models of the early Universe and the recovery of reionization history at late times. For both of these endevours the CMB polarization data, which started to appear, will be crucial. Success in this research will have impact on the theory of gravity and the early Universe, with potential to provide observational limits on the low energy limit of the string theory. Application of statistical methods originated in cosmology to interstellar medium opened new avenues of studying fundamental properties of interstellar turbulence. This is quite novel area of the research with significant expected benefits. One one hand, statistical signatures of the magnetized turbulence can held a key to its understanding.  On the other hand, more accurate description of galactic emission viewed as a foreground to CMB will lead to better separation of cosmological and galactic signal. In particular, detecting and modeling of the statistical anisotropy of the Galactic emission may just recover a unique key to both these problems.