Functional nanoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials

在纳米材料中，孔洞在纳米范围内的材料，例如纳米多孔材料，由于其作为纳米级物体的吸附剂、催化剂和宿主的前景而引起人们的极大兴趣。我的研究计划的目的是开发具有设计功能的新型多孔有机-无机杂化材料，用于生产高选择性吸附剂、可回收和大小和形状选择性的多相催化剂和受控输送系统。为了实现这一目标，研究主要集中在纳米级结构的多孔性固体的设计上，并结合不同的功能，这些功能源于具有不同性质的成分的组装。这种多功能材料可以在单一的杂化结构中具有各种不同的化学和物理性质。尤其是有机物与无机物之间的界面、局部环境以及组分在结构中的相对位置，有望以协同的方式极大地影响所得到的复合材料的性能。综上所述，这种方法是基于在介孔无机主体(孔洞在5-30 nm)内定位特定的功能聚合物或有机实体。尤其是介孔二氧化硅，在骨架结构和孔形态上具有高度的稳定性和多样性。例如，通过选择性地限制乙烯基单体在二氧化硅壁孔内的聚合，并在主纳米孔表面形成一层薄涂层，可以生成完全集成的坚固的多孔有机-无机杂化材料。因此，具有功能中心的高孔表面积可以通过有机反应或加入其他客体来轻松地进行表面修饰。不同的官能团是聚合物的一部分，或通过后处理添加，将允许与目标分子进行特定的相互作用，从而产生用于选择性二氧化碳吸附或污染物去除的创新材料。功能化的纳米多孔复合材料也具有作为固体多相催化剂的前景。除了应用和技术方面，我的项目还强调对固体基质中的主-客体相互作用和纳米尺度的传输的基本了解。

Among nanomaterials, materials with pores in the nanometer range, e.g. nanoporous materials, are of great interest for their perspectives as sorbents, catalysts and hosts for nanoscale objects. The aim of my research program is to develop new types of porous organic-inorganic hybrids with designed functionalities for the production of highly selective sorbents, recyclable and size-and-shape selective heterogeneous catalysts and controlled delivery systems. To achieve this goal, the research focuses principally on the design of porous solids structured at the nanoscale level and combining different functions originating from the assembly of constituents with distinct properties. Such multifunctional materials can have a variety of distinct chemical and physical properties in a single hybrid structure. Especially, the interfaces between organics and the inorganic constituent, their local environment and the relative location of components in the structure are expected to influence greatly the properties of the resulting composites in a cooperative manner. Synthetically, the approach is based on locating specifically functional polymers or organic entities inside mesoporous inorganic hosts (pores in 5-30 nm). Mesoporous silica, particularly, offers high stability and great diversity in framework structure and pore modality. For example, with the selective restriction of the polymerization of vinyl monomers inside the pores present in the silica walls and forming a thin coating on the main nanopore surface, one can generate fully integrated robust porous organic-inorganic hybrids.  Subsequently, the high pore surface area with functional sites enables easy surface modification via organic reactions or the incorporation of other guests. The different functional groups being parts of the polymer or added by post-treatment will permit specific interactions with target molecules leading to innovative materials for selective CO2 adsorption or pollutant removal. The functionalized nanoporous composites have also prospects as solid heterogeneous catalysts. In addition to applications and technological aspects, my program emphasizes fundamental understanding of host-guest interactions within solid matrices and transport at the nanoscale.