Three dimensional anisotropic rockmass response and tunnel support interaction

为铁路、公路和水利网络建造长（至60公里）、大直径（> 10米）隧道是全球300亿美元的产业。许多隧道穿越高度层状或层状的地面条件。其他隧道，在硬岩，经验诱导各向异性（剥落）。这些条件与各向异性应力相结合，可在内衬和拱架中产生高的异常载荷和力矩。加拿大公司参与了许多这些海外项目，一些项目在加拿大遇到了类似的情况（尼亚加拉-贝克隧道、拉龙德矿、不列颠哥伦比亚省的公路隧道）。该提案综合了国际经验、行为测试和最先进的数值分析，以更好地约束地面响应预测并优化支护设计，从而为加拿大隧道施工和矿山开发提供竞争优势。该研究计划涉及7个新的研究生论文（4个硕士，3个博士），加上3个论文项目的完成已经在进行中，组织成5个项目主题：A）优化传统的工具，以分析岩体和隧道衬砌响应层状/剪切地面在尼亚加拉贝克（安大略省）和Driskos（希腊）隧道。(1MSc+1PhD）B）开发并验证高应力下坚硬块状岩体中诱发各向异性（剥落）的启动和发展模型。(1MSc+1PhD）C）开发层状岩体力学参数的现场评估技术，并将联合收割机与实验室测试相结合，为各向异性强度和屈服后变形参数提供输入。(1MSc+1PhD）D）开发各向异性屈服、流动和膨胀的本构模型。将2D/3D模型性能与隧道工程案例进行比较，包括意大利意大利的里昂-都灵和委内瑞拉的亚坎布。(1MSc+1PhD）E）建立天然和诱导各向异性岩石中矿山开发地面支护设计的最新技术水平，并通过对案例历史的分析，结合任务A-D中的新技术，为大型隧道开发先进的综合设计指南。 (1MSc+1PhD）

Construction of long (to 60km), large (>10m) diameter tunnels for rail, road and hydraulic networks is a $30 billion industry worldwide. Many of these tunnels traverse highly foliated or laminated ground conditions. Other tunnels, in hard rocks, experience induced anisotropy (spalling). These conditions, combined with anisotropic stresses can generate high anomalous loads and moments in liners and arch support. Canadian companies are involved in many of these overseas projects and a number of projects encounter similar conditions in Canada (Niagara-Beck tunnel, La Ronde Mine, Highway tunnels in B.C). This proposal combines a synthesis of international experience, behavioural testing and state-of-the-art numerical analysis, to better constrain ground response predictions and optimize support design in order to provide competitive benefit to Canadian tunnelling and mine development. The research plan involves 7 new graduate theses (4 MSc, 3 PhD), plus the completion of  3 thesis projects already in progress, organized into 5 project themes:A) Optimize conventional tools to analyze rockmass and tunnel liner response in laminated/sheared ground in the Niagara-Beck (Ont) and Driskos (Greece) tunnels. (1MSc+1PhD)B) Develop and validate models for initiation and development of induced anisotropy (spalling) in hard massive rockmasses under high stress. (1MSc+1PhD)C) Develop field assessment techniques for mechanical parameters in laminated rockmasses and combine with lab testing to provide input for anisotropic strength and post yield deformation parameters. (1MSc+1PhD)D) Develop constitutive models for anisotropic yield, flow and dilation. Compare 2D/3D model performance against tunneling case histories including Lyon-Turin, Italy and Yacambu, Venezuela. (1MSc+1PhD)E) Establish the state-of the-art for mine development ground-support design in naturally and induced anisotropic rock and develop advanced integrated design guidelines for large tunnels through analysis of case histories incorporating new technologies from tasks A-D.  (1MSc+1PhD)