The Capacities of Quantum Information

量子资源可以极大地增强多方执行量子信息处理(QIP)任务的能力。一个很好的例子是纠缠，这是一种量子力学现象，在这种现象中，两个或多个空间分离的系统的可观察到的物理性质以一种没有经典模拟的方式相互关联。在量子信息科学中，纠缠是许多QIP任务的关键资源，例如实验实现的量子隐形传态，并在新兴的量子通信、量子计算和量子密码技术中发挥着重要作用。其他量子资源需要用于特殊的实用目的，其中量子系统受到某些自然限制，如各方共享的完美参考系的缺乏，不完善的仪器，量子光学中高斯运算的限制，以及其他限制。这些额外的自然限制不仅带来了新的有趣的物理和新的量子资源的发现，而且在量子密码学等相关领域也有应用，特别是使人们能够执行原本不可能完成的QIP任务。这一研究计划将为量子资源的量化、操纵和分配开发准确的理论和问题解决工具，识别和促进这些新资源的应用，并将在存在超选规则和其他自然限制的情况下与领先的理论小组合作，推进量子信息领域的发展。正在考虑的具体量子资源理论包括那些对应于光子数超选择规则和不存在笛卡尔坐标系的理论。

Quantum resources can dramatically enhance the capabilities of several parties to perform quantum information processing (QIP) tasks. An excellent example is entanglement, a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which observable physical properties of two or more spatially separated systems are correlated in a manner that has no classical analog.  In quantum information science entanglement is a key resource for many QIP tasks, such as the experimentally realized quantum teleportation, and plays an important role in the emerging technologies of quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum cryptography.Other quantum resources are required for special practical purposes in which the quantum systems are subject to certain natural constraints like the absence of a perfect reference frame shared by all parties, imperfect apparatus, restrictions to Gaussian operations in quantum optics, and other limitations. These additional natural limitations not only lead to new interesting physics and the discovery of new quantum resources, but also have applications in related fields such as quantum cryptography and, in particular, enable one to carry out QIP tasks that are impossible otherwise.  This research program on "the capacities of quantum information" will develop accurate theories and problem-solving tools for the quantification, manipulation and distribution of quantum resources, identify and promote the applications of these new resources, and will collaborate with leading theoretical groups to advance the field of quantum information in the presence of super-selection rules and other natural restrictions. Specific quantum resource theories under consideration include those that correspond to the photon number super-selection rule and the absence of a Cartesian frame.