Contextual control during single word reading aloud

阅读是人类的一项了不起的成就。然而，尽管我们依赖书面交流，但许多加拿大人在功能上是文盲。人们普遍认为，更好地了解专家是如何阅读的(在目前的情况下，他们是如何从印刷品中产生单词的发音)将有助于我们理解和补救阅读问题。对于新手读者来说，弄清楚如何发音可能是一个复杂而费力的过程。与之相反，对于专家读者来说，弄清楚如何发音很少需要任何思考和努力。尽管专家们基本上不知道他们是如何从印刷品中产生发音的，朗读一个单词所花费的时间通常取决于它被阅读的上下文。因此，专家读者如何计算一个书面单词的发音可能取决于该单词出现的上下文。本研究探讨了这种可能性。目前，普遍的观点是，专家读者无法改变他们如何产生单词的发音。事实上，阅读教学的目标往往是达到不需要发生这种情况的地步。尽管如此，如果专家阅读的核心特征是能够毫不费力地改变从印刷品中产生发音的能力，那么这将导致对作为专家读者意味着什么以及应该如何指导新手读者的戏剧性重新概念。

Reading is a remarkable human achievement.  Yet, despite our dependency on written communication many people in Canada are functionally illiterate.  It is widely believed that a better understanding of how experts read (in the present case how they generate the pronunciation of a word from print) will help us understand and remediate reading problems.Figuring out how to pronounce a word can be an elaborate and effortful process for novice readers.  In contrast, figuring out how to pronounce a word seldom requires any thought or effort for expert readers.  Although experts are largely unaware of how they generate a pronunciation to printed words, the time taken to read a word aloud often depends on the context in which it is being read.  It is therefore possible that how an expert reader computes the pronunciation of a written word depends on the context in which the word appears. The present research examines this possibility.Presently, the received view is that expert readers cannot change how they generate a word's pronunciation.  Indeed, the goal of reading instruction is often about getting to the point where this does not need to happen.  So, if it were established that central feature of expert reading is the ability to effortlessly change how a pronunciation is generated from print, then this would lead to a dramatic reconceptualization of what it means to be an expert reader and how novice readers should be instructed.