X-ray optics for synchrotron radiation research

同步加速器为探索新的X射线成像方法提供了理想的X射线源。 已经使用同步加速器开发了许多新的X射线成像方法;这些方法中的一些包括衍射增强成像和相关方法、多图像射线照相术、相衬成像、双能量减影成像。 这些方法在人类，动物和植物研究中非常成功，允许以以前不可能的方式对结构和功能进行成像。 在大多数实施方式中，所有这些方法都需要使用晶体光学器件来制备光束，并且在某些情况下，需要分析光束。提出了一个研究计划，探讨使用晶体光学应用于成像问题，同时使用同步辐射和实验室为基础的来源。该计划针对两个特定领域，1）使用弯曲透射几何光学器件的新X射线吸收光谱成像系统，以及2）将基于同步加速器的成像模式（PI是其共同开发者的衍射增强成像）转换为基于实验室的系统。 该计划的目标是开发用于环境，医学，材料和生物研究的研究应用的X射线成像方法，探索对比度的来源，开发提取信息的算法，并在适用时将其应用于将该方法翻译到实验室或临床远离同步加速器。这样的研究可能会导致新的x射线成像方法，可以显着降低x射线剂量（超过100倍！）同时给出组织中病变的更好图像，这可能使临床X射线成像发生革命性变化。

The synchrotron provides an ideal x-ray source to explore new methods of x-ray imaging.  A number of new x-ray imaging methods have been developed using the synchrotron; some of these methods include, diffraction enhanced imaging and a related method, multiple image radiography, phase contrast imaging, dual energy subtraction imaging.  These methods have been very successful in human, animal and plant research by allowing structure and function to be imaged in ways not previously possible.  In most implementations all of these methods require the use of crystal optics to prepare and in some instances, analyze the beam. A research program is proposed which explores the use of crystal optics applied to imaging problems using both synchrotron radiation and laboratory based sources. This program is directed into two specific areas, 1) a new x-ray absorption spectroscopy imaging system using a bent transmission geometry optic and 2) the translation of synchrotron based imaging modality, diffraction enhanced imaging of which the PI is a co-developer, to a laboratory based system.   The goal of this program is to develop methods of x-ray imaging for research applications in environmental, medical, materials and biological research, explore the sources of contrast, develop the algorithms to extract information, and when applicable apply this toward translating the method to the laboratory or clinic away from the synchrotron. Such research could potentially lead to new methods of x-ray imaging which could lower the x-ray dose dramatically (by over 100 times!) while giving better images of lesions in tissue which could revolutionize clinical x-ray imaging.