PILATUS3 X 1M X-ray detector

 描述(申请人提供)：生物小角x射线散射和衍射(SAXS)提供了来自生理条件下的生物分子溶液或偏序排列的结构和动态信息，尽管分辨率较低(~7-10？)或更高，与结晶学或低温电子显微镜相比。SAXS不仅是研究大分子在溶液中组装结构的有力工具，而且还可以用于时间分辨研究，以研究在酶催化、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和大分子折叠过程中发生的大的构象变化。这类研究对生物医学研究至关重要，因为它们提供了基本的机制信息，可用于了解有害突变的影响，从而为最终影响人类健康的药物开发提供信息。近年来，SAXS方法在结构生物学问题中的应用有了巨大的增长，反映了研究界对能够提供关于大型多域复合体的结构和动态信息的实验方法的需求。SAXS的爆炸性增长在很大程度上是由于技术进步，包括高亮度、低发散的X射线源、X射线光学和X射线探测器的进步。由于蛋白质溶液对X射线的散射非常弱，改进的X射线探测器是一项关键的使能技术。硅像素阵列X射线探测器由于其零读取噪声和光子计数技术，非常适合SAXS，这为SAXS在结构生物学中的应用开辟了新的可能性。本申请要求一个完整的小角X射线散射探测器系统，由Dectris，Inc.制造的PILATUS3 X 1M像素阵列探测器(PAD)以及相关的控制、数据采集、数据处理和存储计算硬件组成。该系统将安装在斯坦福同步辐射光源(SSRL)的光束线4-2(BL4-2)上。与目前安装在光束线上的探测器相比，PILATUS3 1M垫片具有许多优点，包括卓越的信噪比、更高的最大帧速率和更大的动态范围。该探测器非常适合于尺寸排除层析耦合SAXS实验、时间分辨和高通量静态SAXS测量，这些测量将需要推动BL4-2结构生物学研究的前沿，挑战生物医学的重要系统。它将为NIH资助的研究人员保持国际竞争力。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biological small angle x-ray scattering and diffraction (SAXS) provides structural and dynamic information from solutions or partially ordered arrays of biomolecules in physiologically relevant conditions, albeit at lower resolution (~7-10 Å or higher compared to that obtainable from crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy. SAXS is not only a powerful tool to study structures of large macromolecular assemblies in solution, but can also be used for time-resolved studies to investigate large conformational changes that occur during enzymatic catalysis, protein- protein interactions, and folding of macromolecules. Such studies are critical for biomedical research, as they provide basic mechanistic information that can be used to understand the effects of deleterious mutations, and can thereby inform drug development that ultimately impacts human health. The application of SAXS methods to problems in structural biology has seen tremendous growth in recent years, reflecting the need within the research community for experimental methods that can give structural and dynamic information on large multi-domain complexes. The explosive growth of SAXS has largely been enabled by technical advances that include high- brightness, low divergence X-ray sources, advances in X-ray optics, and X-ray detectors. As protein solutions scatter X-rays quite weakly, improved X-ray detectors are a critical enabling technology. The silicon pixel array X-ray detectors are ideally suited for SAXS, due to their zero read noise and photon counting technology, which open up new possibilities for SAXS applications in structural biology. This application is a request for a complete detector system for small angle X-ray scattering, consisting of a PILATUS3 X 1M Pixel Array Detector (PAD) manufactured by Dectris, Inc., and associated control, data acquisition, data handling and storage computing hardware. This system will be installed on beam line 4-2 (BL4-2) at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). The PILATUS3 1M PAD offers many advantages over the presently available detectors installed at the beam line including superior signal-to-noise, increased maximum frame rate, and larger dynamic range. The detector is well suited for size-exclusion chromatography coupled SAXS experiments, time-resolved, and high-throughput static SAXS measurements that will be needed to drive the forefront of BL4-2 research in structural biology on challenging biomedically important systems. It will maintain international competitiveness for NIH funded researchers.