Operation of power systems with sustainable energy resources in competitive electricity markets

随着世界各地电力市场的放松管制，电力系统的运行在过去十年中经历了重大转变。因此，虽然在以前的垂直一体化、单一所有者结构中，电网可靠性是最重要的，但目前的运营模式已转向经济问题压倒其他系统运营问题的环境；2003年8月北美东北部的停电清楚地表明了这一重点重大转移的影响。另一方面，在大多数竞争市场上，系统安全是通过相当保守地定义的输电系统拥塞限制来考虑的，因此在某些情况下导致市场效率低下，从而导致不必要的价格飙升，甚至导致系统运行的不安全。最后，人们对增加风能、太阳能和氢气等环境友好型能源的使用以及使电能消费对价格和环境条件作出更多反应非常感兴趣。

The operation of power systems has undergone a major shift over the past decade with the deregulation of electricity markets around the world. Thus, while in the previous vertical-integrated, single-owner structure, grid reliability was paramount, the current operating paradigm has shifted towards an environment where economic issues prevail over other system operating concerns; the blackout of August 2003 in the North East of North America clearly illustrates the effects of this significant shift in focus. On the other hand, system security is accounted on most competitive markets by means of transmission system congestion limits defined rather conservatively, thus leading in some cases to market inefficiencies that result on unnecessary price spikes and even insecure system operation. Finally, there is significant interest on increasing the use of environmentally friendly energy sources, such as wind, solar and hydrogen, as well as making electric energy consumption more responsive to price and environmental conditions.