Assessing gaseous emissions from swine manure storage systems utilizing different cover technologies for cold climates

农家肥管理是现代畜牧业面临的最大环境挑战之一。以经济和有效的方式控制和处理粪便，对于最大限度地减少点源和非点源水污染的危害以及遵守更严格的空气质量标准至关重要。在粪便的储存过程中，会释放出几种令人不快的气体，包括氨、甲烷和一氧化二氮。液体粪便系统的厌氧特性也增加了其产生气味的潜力。已经提出了几种管理策略，以可能减少粪便储存过程中的气体排放。这些措施包括各种类型的表面覆盖(合成的和生物的)、粪便固液分离、改变粪便中的垫层材料和利用机械通风技术。一般而言，很少有人尝试在重复条件下评估使用这些备选方案所取得的减排效果。在加拿大经历的较冷的气候条件下，这一点尤其缺乏。与粪便气体损失相关的另一个挑战是，影响排放的许多因素往往因所讨论的气体而异。因此，在农场一级实施缓解战略之前，必须同时进行排放监测，以正确地制定权衡缓解战略。他说，这项研究计划的目标将是同时评估几种粪便储存技术的气体排放，试图确定储存覆盖系统在温暖和寒冷季节提供的缓解效率。

On-farm manure management is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing modern livestock agriculture. Containing and treating manure in an economical and efficient manner is essential to minimize the hazards of both point and non-point source water pollution and also adhere to more stringent air quality standards. During the storage of manure, several undesirable gases including ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide can be released. The anaerobic nature of liquid manure systems also increases its potential for odour production. Several management strategies have been suggested to possibly diminish gaseous emissions from manure storages. These include various types of surface covers (synthetic and biological), manure solid-liquid separation, altering the bedding material in the manure and utilizing mechanical aeration technology. In general few attempts have been made to evaluate, under replicated conditions, emissions reductions achieved with these options. This is especially lacking for colder climate conditions experienced in Canada. An additional challenge associated with gaseous losses from manure is that many factors that influence emissions often differ depending on the gas in question. As a result simultaneous emissions monitoring must be performed to correctly establish trade-off mitigation strategies prior to their implemention at the farm-level.      The objectives of this research program will be to simultaneously assess gaseous emissions from several manure storage technologies in an attempt to determine mitigation efficiencies offered by storage cover systems for both warm and cold seasons.