Cosmic structures: from CMB to interstellar medium

拟议中的研究处于宇宙学、物理学和银河系天体物理学的前沿，将促进我们对宇宙基本属性的了解。宇宙微波背景(CMB)和大尺度结构实验技术的进步使宇宙学基本参数的确定变得非常精确。现在的重点是详细验证早期宇宙的暴涨模型和恢复晚期的再电离历史。对于这两种情况，开始出现的CMB偏振数据将是至关重要的。这项研究的成功将对引力理论和早期宇宙产生影响，有可能为弦理论的低能量极限提供观测限制。起源于宇宙学的统计方法在星际介质中的应用为研究星际湍流的基本性质开辟了新的途径。这是一个相当新的研究领域，具有显著的预期收益。一方面，磁化湍流的统计特征可以为它的理解提供关键。另一方面，更准确地描述被视为CMB前景的星系发射将导致更好地分离宇宙学和银河系信号。特别是，对银河系发射的统计各向异性的检测和建模可能正好找到解决这两个问题的唯一钥匙。

Proposed research is at the forefront of cosmology  and Galactic astrophysics and will advance our knowledge of fundamental properties of the Universe. Advances in experimental techniques both for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Large Scale Structure led to determination of the basic set of cosmological parameters to great precision. The emphasis now is on detailed verification of the inflationary models of the early Universe and the recovery of reionization history at late times. For both of these endevours the CMB polarization data, which started to appear, will be crucial. Success in this research will have impact on the theory of gravity and the early Universe, with potential to provide observational limits on the low energy limit of the string theory. Application of statistical methods originated in cosmology to interstellar medium opened new avenues of studying fundamental properties of interstellar turbulence. This is quite novel area of the research with significant expected benefits. One one hand, statistical signatures of the magnetized turbulence can held a key to its understanding.  On the other hand, more accurate description of galactic emission viewed as a foreground to CMB will lead to better separation of cosmological and galactic signal. In particular, detecting and modeling of the statistical anisotropy of the Galactic emission may just recover a unique key to both these problems.