X-ray optics for synchrotron radiation research

同步加速器为探索新的X射线成像方法提供了理想的X射线源。使用同步加速器已经开发了许多新的X射线成像方法；其中一些方法包括衍射增强成像和相关方法、多图像射线照相、相衬成像、双能量减影成像。这些方法通过允许以以前不可能的方式对结构和功能进行成像，在人类、动物和植物研究中非常成功。但在大多数实施中，所有这些方法都需要使用晶体光学来准备并在某些情况下分析光束。提出了一项研究计划，探索使用同步辐射和基于实验室的光源将晶体光学应用于成像问题。该计划针对两个具体领域，1)使用弯曲传输几何光学系统的新的X射线吸收光谱成像系统，以及2)基于同步加速器的成像方式的转换，其中PI是其共同开发者，以实验室为基础的系统。本计划的目标是为环境、医学、材料和生物研究中的研究应用开发x射线成像方法，探索对比度的来源，开发提取信息的算法，并在适用的情况下将该方法从同步加速器转移到实验室或临床。这样的研究可能会带来X射线成像的新方法，这种方法可以显著降低X射线剂量(降低100倍以上！)同时提供更好的组织损伤图像，这可能会给临床X射线成像带来革命性的变化。

The synchrotron provides an ideal x-ray source to explore new methods of x-ray imaging.  A number of new x-ray imaging methods have been developed using the synchrotron; some of these methods include, diffraction enhanced imaging and a related method, multiple image radiography, phase contrast imaging, dual energy subtraction imaging.  These methods have been very successful in human, animal and plant research by allowing structure and function to be imaged in ways not previously possible.  In most implementations all of these methods require the use of crystal optics to prepare and in some instances, analyze the beam. A research program is proposed which explores the use of crystal optics applied to imaging problems using both synchrotron radiation and laboratory based sources. This program is directed into two specific areas, 1) a new x-ray absorption spectroscopy imaging system using a bent transmission geometry optic and 2) the translation of synchrotron based imaging modality, diffraction enhanced imaging of which the PI is a co-developer, to a laboratory based system.   The goal of this program is to develop methods of x-ray imaging for research applications in environmental, medical, materials and biological research, explore the sources of contrast, develop the algorithms to extract information, and when applicable apply this toward translating the method to the laboratory or clinic away from the synchrotron. Such research could potentially lead to new methods of x-ray imaging which could lower the x-ray dose dramatically (by over 100 times!) while giving better images of lesions in tissue which could revolutionize clinical x-ray imaging.