The early detection of disease in receiver calves

在加拿大，由于牛的种群结构，接收牛犊必须经历大量的运输和搬运、混合、拍卖以及一段时间的停喂和停水(Schaefer等人，2003年，CSAS会议)。总体而言，这些新事件导致了牛呼吸系统疾病(BRD)的显著发病率，这对养牛业的健康和治疗成本以及动物性能都有相当大的经济影响(Basarab等人，1997)。能。J·阿尼姆SCI。77：554；威特姆等人，1996年。J·阿梅尔。兽医。地中海医院。阿索克。209：814)。正如Jericho和Kozub(2004)所讨论的。能。J·韦特。结果68：127)在集约化饲养的牛中，BRD的存在导致了对抗生素治疗的依赖，这反过来又导致了对抗生素耐药微生物的促进的关注。事实上，据报告，由于在多种来源的混合牛中出现了肺炎等耐药微生物，治疗牛BRD的能力变得更加困难(Shahriar等人，2002年)。能。兽医。约43：863)。

In Canada, due to cattle population demographics, receiver calves are obliged to undergo significant exposure to transport and handling, co-mingling, auction and some time off feed and water (Schaefer et al., 2003, CSAS Proceedings). Collectively, these novel events result in a significant incidence of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) which has a considerable economic impact on the cattle industry both with respect to health and treatment costs and animal performance (Basarab et al., 1997. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77:554; Wittum et al., 1996. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 209:814). As discussed by Jericho and Kozub (2004. Can. J. Vet. Res. 68:127) the presence of BRD in intensively raised cattle has caused a dependence on antibiotic treatments which in turn has lead to a concern for the promotion of antibiotic resistant microbes. In fact, the ability to treat BRD in cattle is reported to be becoming more difficult due to the emergence of resistance microbes such as pneumonia in multiple sourced co-mingled cattle (Shahriar et al., 2002. Can. Vet. J. 43:863).