Location models

本研究探讨了四种设施的选址模型，如手机信号塔，垃圾填埋场，救护车，或生产和服务设施。第一个问题研究企业的位置，因为区域规划者提供补贴。当消费者从最便宜的来源购买商品，企业最大限度地提高利润时，区域规划者提供补贴，以刺激经济活动，并最终使税收最大化。目标是制定补贴战略，最有利于区域规划者，因为公司和客户的行为符合他们自己的最佳利益。最终目标是研究包括区域间竞争的模型。第二部分研究考虑了紧急设施的位置，如诊所和救护车。目标是使用尽可能少的保健设施，以确保潜在的客户仍然得到覆盖。这里使用的覆盖范围概念比采用“覆盖-不覆盖”二分法的标准模型更柔和，因为客户覆盖范围随着与设施距离的增加而逐渐减少。多层次的医疗保健系统是工作的具体重点。将特别注意具有拥堵的模型，这是应急设施位置的一个重要特征。第三类模型包括多目标选址模型。这类模型的典型例子包括发展中国家的垃圾填埋场、手机信号塔和互联网信息亭的位置。典型的目标包括成本最小化、覆盖范围和自然行为或故意破坏造成的干扰。此外，前处理和后处理模块将被设计为模型路由和调度组件，而不显式地包含在模型中，因为这将使大多数现实大小的问题无法解决。第四类也是最后一类要研究的问题是竞争性选址模型，在这种模型中，竞争性企业为各自的设施选址。将特别注意不仅包括公司本身，而且包括其供应商的模型。另一个需要研究的重要方面是在竞争环境中适当地纳入客户行为。

This research investigates four models for the location of facilities, such as cell phone towers, landfills, ambulances, or production and service facilities. The first problem studies the location of firms, given that a regional planner offers subsidies. While the customers purchase the good from the least expensive source and firms maximize their profits, the regional planner offers subsidies so as to stimulate economic activities and, ultimately, maximize tax income. The objective is to devise subsidy strategies that best benefit the regional planner, given that the firms and customers behave in their own best interest. The ultimate goal is to research models that include competition between regions as well. The second strand of research considers the location of emergency facilities, such as clinics and ambulances. The objective is to use the smallest possible number of health care facilities that ensure that potential customers are still covered. The notion of coverage used here is softer than in the standard models that employ a "covered - not covered" dichotomy in that customer coverage gradually decreases with increasing distance to the facility. Multi-level health care systems are the specific focus of the work. Special attention will be paid to models with congestion, a crucial feature in the location of emergency facilities. The third class of models to be researched includes location models with multiple objectives. Typical examples of such models include the location of landfills, cell phone towers, and internet kiosks in developing nations. Typical objectives include cost minimization, coverage, and disturbances due to acts of nature or deliberate destruction. Furthermore, pre- and postprocessing modules will be devised that model routing and scheduling components without their explicit inclusion in the model, as this would make most problems of realistic size unsolvable. The fourth and last class of problems to be studied are competitive location models, in which competing firms locate branches of their respective facilities. Specific attention will be paid to models that not only include the firms themselves, but also their supplier. Another important aspect that needs to be investigated is the proper inclusion of customer behavior in the competitive context.