Ecologic and evolutionary controls on shallow- marine ichnofaunas

技术涉及对生物与底物相互作用产生的生物成因结构的研究。通过地质年代对鱼动物群的比较揭示了生态和进化控制的复杂相互作用。不同的示踪器及其对环境变化的特定反应反映了长期的宏观进化过程。虽然生态控制一直是技术研究的重点，但进化方面的探索却很少。特别是，原型鱼相（独特的化石组合），尽管在空间和时间上反复出现，但反映了古生态学突破导致的地质时间变化。该项目的目的是：(1)比较不同地质时期的海洋鱼相在分类组成、生态意义和潜在的示踪器方面的差异；(2)讨论显生宙的动物更替、动物化程度和殖民历史如何改变原型鱼相的性质。计划的活动包括：(1)对不同年龄的几个海洋演替进行实地考察；(2)建立海洋鱼相数据库。在较小程度上，该项目将涉及修订痕迹化石收集作为补充资料。从寒武纪到新近纪的许多地层单元中获得了技术信息。其中包括阿根廷、玻利维亚、加拿大和约旦的早古生代，阿根廷、巴西、英国和美国的晚古生代，阿根廷、澳大利亚、罗马尼亚和美国的中生代，以及阿根廷、智利、委内瑞拉和罗马尼亚的新生代。额外的野外工作侧重于从宏观演化角度（寒武纪、奥陶纪）和技术信息稀疏的时代（如泥盆纪、古近纪）的关键区间。该数据库将建立在对文献、化石标本和实地数据进行严格审查的基础上。该数据库将包括生物分类组成、保存风格、动物行为学、摄食策略、层状结构、生物分类评估、年龄和沉积环境。

Ichnology involves the study of biogenic structures that result from the interactions between organisms and the substrate. Comparisons of ichnofaunas through geologic time reveal a complex interplay of ecologic and evolutionary controls. The different tracemakers and their specific responses to environmental changes reflect long-term macroevolutionary processes. Although ecologic controls have been the focus of ichnologic research, evolutionary aspects have been less explored. In particular, archetypal ichnofacies (distinctive suites of trace fossils), albeit recurrent in space and time, reflect changes through geologic time as a result of paleoecologic breakthroughs. The aim of this project is: (1) to compare marine ichnofacies through geologic time in terms of taxonomic composition, ecologic significance, and potential tracemakers, and (2) to discuss how faunal turnovers, degree of infaunalization, and colonization histories change the nature of archetypal ichnofacies during the Phanerozoic. The activities planned include: (1) fieldwork in several marine successions of different age, and (2) construction of a database of marine ichnofacies. To a lesser extent, the project will involve revision of trace fossil collections as supplementary information. Ichnologic information has been obtained from a number of stratigraphic units, spanning the Cambrian to the Neogene. These include the early Paleozoic of Argentina, Bolivia, Canada and Jordan, the late Paleozoic of Argentina, Brazil, England and United States, the Mesozoic of Argentina, Australia, Romania and United States, and the Cenozoic of Argentina, Chile, Venezuela and Romania. Additional fieldwork is focused on both critical intervals from a macroevolutionary perspective (Cambrian, Ordovician) and times with sparse ichnologic information (e.g. Devonian, Paleogene) . The database will be constructed based on critical examination of the literature, trace fossil specimens and field data. The database will include ichnotaxonomic composition, preservation styles, ethology, feeding strategies, tiering structure, ichnoguild assessment, age, and depositional environment.