Ecologic and evolutionary controls on shallow- marine ichnofaunas

浅海动物群的生态和进化控制

• 批准号: 311727-2008
• 负责人: Mangano, MariaGabriela
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=480961
• 关键词: Ecologic; evolutionary; controls; shallow; marine

Ichnology involves the study of biogenic structures that result from the interactions between organisms and the substrate. Comparisons of ichnofaunas through geologic time reveal a complex interplay of ecologic and evolutionary controls. The different tracemakers and their specific responses to environmental changes reflect long-term macroevolutionary processes. Although ecologic controls have been the focus of ichnologic research, evolutionary aspects have been less explored. In particular, archetypal ichnofacies (distinctive suites of trace fossils), albeit recurrent in space and time, reflect changes through geologic time as a result of paleoecologic breakthroughs. The aim of this project is: (1) to compare marine ichnofacies through geologic time in terms of taxonomic composition, ecologic significance, and potential tracemakers, and (2) to discuss how faunal turnovers, degree of infaunalization, and colonization histories change the nature of archetypal ichnofacies during the Phanerozoic. The activities planned include: (1) fieldwork in several marine successions of different age, and (2) construction of a database of marine ichnofacies. To a lesser extent, the project will involve revision of trace fossil collections as supplementary information. Ichnologic information has been obtained from a number of stratigraphic units, spanning the Cambrian to the Neogene. These include the early Paleozoic of Argentina, Bolivia, Canada and Jordan, the late Paleozoic of Argentina, Brazil, England and United States, the Mesozoic of Argentina, Australia, Romania and United States, and the Cenozoic of Argentina, Chile, Venezuela and Romania. Additional fieldwork is focused on both critical intervals from a macroevolutionary perspective (Cambrian, Ordovician) and times with sparse ichnologic information (e.g. Devonian, Paleogene) . The database will be constructed based on critical examination of the literature, trace fossil specimens and field data. The database will include ichnotaxonomic composition, preservation styles, ethology, feeding strategies, tiering structure, ichnoguild assessment, age, and depositional environment.

技术涉及对生物体与基质之间相互作用产生的生物结构的研究。通过地质时期对动物群进行比较揭示了生态和进化控制之间复杂的相互作用。不同的追踪者及其对环境变化的具体反应反映了长期的宏观进化过程。尽管生态控制一直是植物学研究的重点，但对进化方面的探讨却较少。特别是，原型地貌（独特的痕迹化石套件）尽管在空间和时间上反复出现，但反映了由于古生态学突破而导致的地质时间变化。该项目的目的是：（1）从分类组成、生态意义和潜在追踪者的角度比较不同地质时期的海洋地貌相，以及（2）讨论动物区系更替、动物区系化程度和殖民历史如何改变显生宙期间典型地貌相的性质。计划的活动包括：（1）对不同年代的几个海洋序列进行实地考察，以及（2）建立海洋地貌数据库。在较小程度上，该项目将涉及对痕迹化石收藏的修订作为补充信息。已经从寒武纪到新近纪的许多地层单元中获得了技术信息。其中包括阿根廷、玻利维亚、加拿大和约旦的早古生代，阿根廷、巴西、英国和美国的晚古生代，阿根廷、澳大利亚、罗马尼亚和美国的中生代，以及阿根廷、智利、委内瑞拉和罗马尼亚的新生代。其他实地工作重点关注宏观演化角度的关键时期（寒武纪、奥陶纪）和地貌信息稀疏的时期（例如泥盆纪、古近纪）。该数据库将根据对文献、痕迹化石标本和现场数据的严格审查而构建。该数据库将包括物种分类组成、保存风格、行为学、进食策略、分层结构、物种协会评估、年龄和沉积环境。