Location models

这项研究调查了四种设施选址模型，如手机发射塔、垃圾填埋场、救护车或生产和服务设施。第一个问题研究的是公司的选址，因为地区规划者提供补贴。当消费者从最便宜的来源购买商品，公司最大化他们的利润时，区域规划者提供补贴，以刺激经济活动，最终实现税收收入最大化。目标是制定最有利于区域规划者的补贴策略，因为公司和客户的行为符合他们自己的最佳利益。最终目标是研究也包括地区间竞争的模型。第二项研究考虑了诊所和救护车等紧急设施的位置。目标是使用尽可能少的卫生保健设施，以确保潜在客户仍然得到覆盖。这里使用的覆盖范围的概念比采用“覆盖和未覆盖”二分法的标准模型中的覆盖范围更软，因为客户覆盖范围随着到设施的距离的增加而逐渐减少。多层次的保健系统是这项工作的具体重点。将特别关注拥堵的车型，这是紧急设施选址的关键特征。要研究的第三类模型包括多目标选址模型。这类模式的典型例子包括发展中国家的垃圾填埋场、手机发射塔和互联网服务亭的位置。典型的目标包括成本最小化、覆盖范围以及由于自然行为或故意破坏造成的干扰。此外，将设计前处理模块和后处理模块，对没有明确包含在模型中的路线和调度组件进行建模，因为这将使大多数实际规模的问题无法解决。要研究的第四类也是最后一类问题是竞争选址模型，在该模型中，相互竞争的公司将各自设施的分支机构选址。将特别关注不仅包括公司本身，还包括他们的供应商的模式。需要调查的另一个重要方面是将客户行为适当地纳入竞争环境。

This research investigates four models for the location of facilities, such as cell phone towers, landfills, ambulances, or production and service facilities. The first problem studies the location of firms, given that a regional planner offers subsidies. While the customers purchase the good from the least expensive source and firms maximize their profits, the regional planner offers subsidies so as to stimulate economic activities and, ultimately, maximize tax income. The objective is to devise subsidy strategies that best benefit the regional planner, given that the firms and customers behave in their own best interest. The ultimate goal is to research models that include competition between regions as well. The second strand of research considers the location of emergency facilities, such as clinics and ambulances. The objective is to use the smallest possible number of health care facilities that ensure that potential customers are still covered. The notion of coverage used here is softer than in the standard models that employ a "covered - not covered" dichotomy in that customer coverage gradually decreases with increasing distance to the facility. Multi-level health care systems are the specific focus of the work. Special attention will be paid to models with congestion, a crucial feature in the location of emergency facilities. The third class of models to be researched includes location models with multiple objectives. Typical examples of such models include the location of landfills, cell phone towers, and internet kiosks in developing nations. Typical objectives include cost minimization, coverage, and disturbances due to acts of nature or deliberate destruction. Furthermore, pre- and postprocessing modules will be devised that model routing and scheduling components without their explicit inclusion in the model, as this would make most problems of realistic size unsolvable. The fourth and last class of problems to be studied are competitive location models, in which competing firms locate branches of their respective facilities. Specific attention will be paid to models that not only include the firms themselves, but also their supplier. Another important aspect that needs to be investigated is the proper inclusion of customer behavior in the competitive context.