Theoretical studies of scalar particles in the standard model: Scalar mesons and Higgs Bosons

基本粒子物理学提供了对物质的最基本成分及其行为的洞察。基本粒子物理学的许多前沿领域都涉及标量粒子。标量没有本征自旋，这意味着当这些粒子静止时，它们没有首选的方向。标量粒子最突出的例子是希格斯玻色子，这种粒子对于我们通过希格斯机制理解所有基本粒子的质量起源是必不可少的，希格斯机制与电弱相互作用中的对称性破缺有关。令人惊讶的是，仍然没有直接的实验证据表明希格斯粒子是我们从理论上理解自然基本相互作用的核心。欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机(LHC)的实验计划应该能够证实或驳斥希格斯粒子的存在。除了电弱部分的标量粒子的根本挑战外，由夸克组成的标量粒子也在强相互作用部分提供了科学挑战。特别是，标量介子在强子物理学中提供了一些最耐人寻味的挑战，其解释包括了超越单纯夸克模型的夸克-反夸克态的奇异状态。其中一些对标量介子的奇异解释包括不含夸克(仅含胶子)的介子或附加的夸克-反夸克对。

The physics of elementary particles gives insight into the most fundamental constituents of matter and their behaviour. Many of the frontiers of elementary particle physics involve scalar particles. Scalars have no intrinsic spin, which means that there is no preferred direction for these particles when they are at rest. The most prominent example of a scalar particle is the Higgs boson, a particle which is essential to our understanding of the origin of mass for all elementary particles via the Higgs mechanism associated with symmetry breaking in the electroweak interaction. Surprisingly, there is still no direct experimental evidence of the Higgs particle that is so central to our theoretical understanding of the fundamental interactions of nature. The experimental program of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN should be able to confirm or refute the existence of the Higgs. In addition to the fundamental challenges of scalar particles in the electroweak sector, scalar particles composed of quarks also provide scientific challenges in the strong interaction sector. In particular, scalar mesons provide some of the most intriguing challenges in hadronic physics, with interpretations that include exotic states beyond the quark-antiquark states of the naive quark model. Some of these exotic interpretations of the scalar mesons include mesons containing no quarks (only gluons) or additional quark-antiquark pairs.