Operation of power systems with sustainable energy resources in competitive electricity markets

在过去的十年里，随着全球电力市场的放松管制，电力系统的运行经历了重大转变。因此，虽然在以前的垂直集成、单一所有者结构中，电网可靠性是最重要的，但目前的操作范式已经转向经济问题优先于其他系统操作问题的环境；2003年8月在北美东北部发生的停电事件清楚地说明了这种重大转移的影响。另一方面，在大多数竞争市场中，系统安全性是通过相当保守地定义传输系统拥塞限制来考虑的，因此在某些情况下导致市场效率低下，从而导致不必要的价格飙升甚至不安全的系统运行。最后，大家对增加使用对环境友好的能源，例如风能、太阳能和氢，以及使电力能源消费对价格和环境条件更有反应，都很感兴趣。

The operation of power systems has undergone a major shift over the past decade with the deregulation of electricity markets around the world. Thus, while in the previous vertical-integrated, single-owner structure, grid reliability was paramount, the current operating paradigm has shifted towards an environment where economic issues prevail over other system operating concerns; the blackout of August 2003 in the North East of North America clearly illustrates the effects of this significant shift in focus. On the other hand, system security is accounted on most competitive markets by means of transmission system congestion limits defined rather conservatively, thus leading in some cases to market inefficiencies that result on unnecessary price spikes and even insecure system operation. Finally, there is significant interest on increasing the use of environmentally friendly energy sources, such as wind, solar and hydrogen, as well as making electric energy consumption more responsive to price and environmental conditions.