Ecological responses to ocean acdification and global warming

全球气候变化对海洋物种和生态系统产生了深远的影响，其中许多在加拿大具有生态，经济和文化价值。特别令人关切的是海洋酸化的威胁，这是海洋吸收过量二氧化碳排放的结果。预计在不久的将来海水pH值会下降，但数百万年来从未发生过，预计在本世纪将发生大规模的生态变化。记录的酸化影响包括幼虫发育受损、生长减缓、壳和骨骼溶解以及直接死亡。虽然二氧化碳增加/pH值下降对个人表现的影响越来越多地得到了充分的记录，但我们还不了解海洋酸化将如何影响整个社区和生态系统。简而言之，我们目前无法预测气候变化将如何影响人们最关心的事情，如可收获的人口规模和生物多样性。

Global climate change has far-reaching consequences for marine species and ecosystems, many of which are ecologically, economically, and culturally valuable in Canada. Of particular concern is the threat of ocean acidification, which is occurring as a result of excess carbon dioxide emissions being absorbed by the oceans. The decrease in seawater pH that is expected in the near future has not occurred for many millions of years, and massive ecological change is expected during this century. Documented effects of acidification include impairment of larval development, reductions in growth, dissolution of shells and skeletons, and direct mortality. Although effects of increasing carbon dioxide / decreasing pH on individual performance are increasingly well documented, we do not yet understand how ocean acidification will affect entire communities and ecosystems. Put simply, we cannot currently predict how climate change will affect the things that people care about the most, like harvestable population size and biodiversity.