Patellar computer-assisted surgery and intraoperative kinematics

人们接受膝关节置换的主要原因是为了减轻他或她因关节炎而引起的疼痛。不幸的是，一些人在手术后仍然有相当大的疼痛，通常是在膝盖骨附近(称为膝前疼痛)。这种疼痛的原因通常是未知的。疼痛和植入物的其他问题通常被归因于由于手术中组件的位置不佳而导致股骨(股骨)上的膝盖骨(膝盖骨)跟踪不正确。计算机辅助手术(CAS)使用患者的解剖信息和外科医生工具的位置来指导外科医生将假体放置在最佳位置；然而，到目前为止，这主要集中在大的膝盖骨(股骨和胫骨)，而不是膝盖骨。我们提出了四个相关的项目来回答以下问题：(1)能否开发一种新的计算机辅助方法来改进髌骨切割，它是否比传统方法更准确？(2)能否开发一种改进的方法来测量放置假体前后的膝盖骨运动，其准确性是否可与金标准，即计算机断层扫描(CT)相媲美？(3)这些系统能否成功地在临床上实施，基于所得到的切割角与非CAS方法相比的准确性，所需的额外时间，临床结果是什么？(4)植入假体的膝关节表面处理对术中测量的髌骨运动学有显著影响吗？从长远来看，我们的目标是实现对称的髌骨切割和平衡的髌骨追踪，以提高患者的生活质量和种植体的寿命，并使用术中运动学测量来改进种植体的设计和手术技术。

The primary reason for someone to get a knee replacement is to reduce his or her pain due to arthritis. Unfortunately, some people still have considerable pain after the surgery, often in the vicinity of the kneecap (called anterior knee pain). The reasons for this pain are usually unknown. Pain and other problems with the implant are often attributed to incorrect tracking of the kneecap (patella) on the thigh bone (femur) due to less-than-optimal placement of the components during surgery. Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) uses information about the patient's anatomy and the location of the surgeon's tools to guide the surgeon to place the components in the best position; however, so far, this has focused on the large knee bones (femur and tibia) and not the patella. We are proposing four related projects to answer the following questions: (1) Can a novel computer-assisted method be developed to improve the patellar cut, and is it more accurate than the traditional approach? (2) Can an improved method be developed to measure the movement of the patella before and after placing the components and is the accuracy comparable to a gold standard, namely computed-tomography (CT)? (3) Can these systems be successfully implemented clinically, based on the accuracy of the resulting cut angle compared to the non-CAS approach, the extra time required, and the clinical results? (4) Does resurfacing the knee with implant components have a significant effect on patellar kinematics measured intraoperatively? In the longterm, our goals are to achieve symmetric patellar bone cuts and balanced patellar tracking to improve patient quality of life and implant longevity, and to use intraoperative kinematic measurements to improve implant design and surgical technique.