The cognitive and neural bases of letter and sound knowledge in reading

印刷文字是人类的一项极具价值的创新。它允许语言使用者记录他们的想法和想法，并将它们传达给其他没有立即在场的人。然而，流利的阅读需要读者将多种类型的知觉信息和心理知识结合在一起，以处理一篇书面文本。本提案考察了阅读的一个基本要素：将语言的视觉形式--正字法--与语言的口语形式--音系学--迅速融合起来。我们的理论是，这种视听(A-V)整合过程代表了阅读的基本组成部分，为学龄儿童有效的阅读习得和熟练读者的高效视觉单词识别奠定了基础。

The printed word is an immensely valuable human innovation. It allows a language user to record their thoughts and ideas, and to convey them to other individuals who are not immediately present. Nevertheless, fluent reading requires readers to bring together multiple types of perceptual information and mental knowledge in order process a written text. The present proposal examines a fundamental element of reading: rapidly merging the visual form of language - orthography - with knowledge of the spoken form of language - phonology. We theorize that this audio-visual (A-V) integration process represents a fundamental building block of reading, setting the stage for effective reading acquisition in school-age children and efficient visual word recognition in skilled readers.