Phosphorus transformation and transport from fertilizers and manures

温尼伯湖是世界上第十大淡水湖和第三大水电水库。然而，它的健康目前受到过多的营养负荷，特别是磷(P)的威胁。迫切需要更好地了解磷的性质及其如何在马尼托巴土壤中转化，以帮助开发有效减少磷从土壤到地表水的运动的实践。我的研究项目是调查添加肥料和粪肥后土壤中磷的运输和转化。我已经提出了一系列关于肥料和粪肥磷的研究，这些研究将解决马尼托巴省管理磷的一些环境和农艺挑战。在农学方面，我研究的长期目标是显著提高作物对磷肥的吸收效率。为了实现这一目标，我将进行研究，量化和鉴定当非磷酸盐以双波段添加到磷肥中时形成的磷矿物。这些信息将有助于我们找到正确的配方来提高作物对磷的肥料利用效率。提高磷肥利用率将通过降低投入成本和减少土壤残磷，为加拿大农民带来经济和环境效益。在环境领域，目标是通过研究植酸酶、高效磷颗粒（如HAP大麦）和粪便固液分离等技术的使用，以及它们对粪便中磷的形态及其在土壤中的溶解度的影响，减少土壤中的磷负荷。这将确保降低肥料磷水平的管理方案不会导致磷溶解度增加的环境问题。我将与工程师合作研究固液分离及其减少土壤磷负荷的潜力。本研究的结果将有助于我们开发商业规模的系统，有效地去除猪粪中的固体和磷。如果富磷固体可以分离，那么液体可以在猪舍附近使用，提供氮，富磷固体可以运输到更远的地方，作为其他地方作物的磷源。这将解决猪舍附近和动物密度高的地区磷负荷过高的问题。

Lake Winnipeg is the 10th largest body of freshwater and the third largest reservoir of hydroelectric in the world. However, its health is currently threatened by excess nutrient loading particularly phosphorus (P). There is an urgent need to better understand the nature of phosphorus and how it is transformed in Manitoba soils to aid in developing practices that effectively reduce the movement of P from soil to surface waters. My research program investigates the transport and transformation of P in soil following additions of fertilizers and manures. I have proposed a series of studies on both fertilizer and manure P that will address some of the environmental and agronomic challenges of managing P in Manitoba. In the area of agronomy, the long-term objective of my studies is to significantly increase the efficiency of fertilizer P uptake by the crop. To achieve this objective, I will conduct studies to quantify and identify P minerals that are formed when non-phosphate salts are added to P fertilizer in dual bands. This information will help us to find the right formula for improving the fertilizer use efficiency of P by the crop. An increase in P fertilizer use efficiency will provide economic and environmental benefits to Canadian farmers through reduced input cost and reduced residual soil P. In the area of environment, the goal is to reduce P loading to the soil by examining the use of technologies such as phytase enzyme, highly available P grains (e.g. HAP Barley) and solid-liquid separation on manure and their effects on the forms of manure P and its solubility in the soil. This will ensure that management options for reducing manure P levels do not lead to the environmental problem of increased P solubility. I will collaborate with engineers on solid-liquid separation and its potential to reduce P loading to the soil. Results from this study will assist us develop commercial-scale system for effective removal of solids and P from swine manure. If the P rich solids can the separated then the liquid can be used near swine barns to provide nitrogen and the P-rich solid can be transported further away to serve as P source to crop elsewhere. This will address the issue of excessive P loading in the vicinity of hog barns and in regions with high animal density.