Human spatial memory

我的研究计划的总体目标是增加我们对人们如何在记忆中表示空间关系以及人们如何使用空间记忆进行定向和重定向的理解。 我提出了三条研究路线，以调查（1）人们如何选择空间参考方向的空间结构经验，从多个角度来看，（2）空间参考方向在定向运动过程中的环境中的作用，以及（3）什么是环境功能和空间参考方向在定向障碍后重新定向到环境中的作用。我之前的研究表明，当人们从一个单一的视角学习对象的布局时，他们倾向于表示对象相对于布局内的非中心参考方向的位置。 我想问的是，当人们通过在几条分段路径上行走并改变视角来顺序地学习每个物体的位置时，这种情况是否还会发生。文献中的几项研究表明，当新的测试视图由观察者运动引起时，识别场景中的新视图比由场景旋转引起时更准确，并表明人们在运动过程中更新自我中心的空间表征。 在拟议的研究中，我将证明，人们更新相对于allocentric参考方向在运动过程中。 先前的研究表明，当参与者学习不规则放置物体的布局时，他们在定向障碍后对物体的指向一致性会下降。 在拟议的研究中，我将研究哪些环境特征（例如，连接，规律性）和重定向提示（例如，指示面对的对象或原始学习方向）可以消除迷失方向效应。拟议中的研究将阐述和限制空间记忆的理论模型，包括我自己的和其他人的。 它还应该帮助我们理解参考方向，视点变化和运动在识别场景，形状和物体中的作用。 因此，研究结果应该是翔实的，在形成一个通用的模型，在3D环境中的视觉处理。

The general objective of my research program has been to increase our understanding of how people represent spatial relations in memory and how people use spatial memory for orientation and reorientation. I propose three lines of research to investigate (1) how people select spatial reference directions for spatial structures experienced from multiple viewpoints, (2) what is the role of spatial reference direction in orienting to environments during locomotion, and (3) what is the role of environment features and spatial reference direction in reorienting to environment after disorientation. My previous research showed that when people learned a layout of objects from a single viewpoint, they tended to represent objects' locations with respect to an allocentric reference direction inside the layout. I intend to ask whether that will still happen when people sequentially learn the location of each object by walking on several segmented paths with changing viewpoints. Several studies in the literature showed that recognizing novel views in scenes was more accurate when the novel test view was caused by observer locomotion than when it was caused by scene rotation and indicated that people update egocentric spatial representations during locomotion. In the proposed research, I will demonstrate that people update with respect to an allocentric reference direction during locomotion. Previous research showed that when participants learned a layout of irregularly placed objects, their pointing consistency across objects decreased after disorientation. In the proposed research, I will examine what environmental features (e.g., connection, regularity) and reorientation cues (e.g., indication of the facing object or original learning direction) can remove the disorientation effect. The proposed research will elaborate and constrain theoretical models of spatial memory, both my own and those of others. It should also help our understanding the roles of the reference direction, viewpoint change, and locomotion in recognizing scenes, shapes, and objects. Hence, the findings should be informative in forming a universal model of visual processing in 3D environments.