Replacement processor for EdgeTech sub-bottom echosounder

这项提案寻求资金，以升级现有的大量使用的EdgeTech回声探测仪，该探测仪现已过时。回声测深仪是湖泊研究中一种重要的地球物理工具。通过使用通过水柱传输的声波，它们提供了包含环境变化记录的湖泊(或海底)以下沉积物的地层、厚度和几何形状的高分辨率海底剖面。这种沉积物还可能含有记录古代地震的构造扰动。大多数地震发生在大型构造板块的边缘。加拿大最活跃的地区之一横跨安大略省和魁北克交界处；魁北克西部地震区，包括蒙特利尔和渥太华，向南延伸到纽约。最近对安大略省/魁北克省边界的蒂米斯卡明和基帕瓦湖的湖底进行的研究发现，湖底沉积物和由地震震动(如1935年的蒂米斯卡明6.2级大地震)引发的塌陷正在发生断层。由于有可能发生破坏性较大的地震，因此需要使用回声探测仪对数百个湖泊的湖底进行成像，以评估地震频率。绘制从湖泊到湖泊的扰动地理分布图将确定地面震动的面积范围，从而确定地震震中和震级；这是风险管理评估的基本数据。在五大湖周围，浅泻湖底部以下的沉积层包含了1800年左右欧洲人定居和最近的城市化以来丰富的分水岭演变历史。小船或湖冰上的回声探测可以限制沉积学历史，确定关键的取心地点，进行详细的化学分析，并能够评估过去200年对生物群的影响。

This proposal seeks funding to upgrade an existing heavily used EdgeTech echosounder that is now obsolete. Echo sounders are an important geophysical tool in lake studies. By using sound waves transmitted through the water column they provide high resolution sub bottom profiles of the stratigraphy, thickness and geometry of sediments below lake (or sea) floors which contain records of environmental change. Such sediments also may contain structural disturbances that record ancient earthquakes. Most earthquakes occur at the margins of large tectonic plates. One of the most active areas in Canada straddles the Ontario-Quebec border; the Western Quebec Seismic Zone and includes Montreal and Ottawa extending south to New York. Recent work investigating the floor of lakes Timiskaming and Kipawa along the Ontario/Quebec border reveals ongoing faulting of lakefloor sediments and slumps triggered by seismic shaking such as the large (M6.2) Timiskaming Earthquake in 1935. The potential for a large damaging earthquake requires evaluation of earthquake frequency using echosounder equipment to image the floors of hundreds of lakes. Mapping the geographic distribution of disturbances from lake to lake will identify the areal extent of ground shaking and thus earthquake epicenters and magnitudes; essential data for risk management assessment. Around the Great Lakes, the sediment layers below the floors of shallow lagoons contain a rich history of watershed evolution after European settlement around 1800 and recent urbanization. Echosounding from small boats or on lake ice can constrain sedimentological history, identifies key sites for coring, detailed chemical analysis and allow assessment of impacts on biota over the last 200 years.