Location models

本研究调查了四种设施选址模型，如手机信号塔、垃圾填埋场、救护车或生产和服务设施。第一个问题研究的是企业的选址，假设一个地区规划师提供补贴。当顾客从最便宜的来源购买商品，企业利润最大化时，区域规划师提供补贴，以刺激经济活动，最终实现税收收入最大化。考虑到企业和消费者的行为符合他们自己的最佳利益，目标是设计出最有利于区域规划者的补贴策略。最终目标是研究包括地区间竞争在内的模型。第二部分研究考虑了紧急设施的位置，如诊所和救护车。目标是使用尽可能少的卫生保健设施，以确保潜在客户仍然得到覆盖。这里使用的覆盖范围的概念比采用“覆盖-未覆盖”二分法的标准模型更柔和，因为客户的覆盖范围随着距离设施的增加而逐渐减少。多层次卫生保健体系是工作的具体重点。将特别注意具有拥堵的模型，这是应急设施位置的一个关键特征。第三类要研究的模型包括多目标定位模型。这种模式的典型例子包括发展中国家的垃圾填埋场、手机信号塔和互联网亭的位置。典型的目标包括成本最小化，覆盖范围，以及由于自然行为或故意破坏造成的干扰。此外，预处理和后处理模块将被设计为建模路由和调度组件，而不将它们显式地包含在模型中，因为这将使大多数实际规模的问题无法解决。第四类也是最后一类要研究的问题是竞争性选址模型，在这种模型中，相互竞争的公司在各自的设施中设立分支机构。将特别关注的模型不仅包括公司本身，还包括其供应商。需要调查的另一个重要方面是在竞争环境中适当地包含客户行为。

This research investigates four models for the location of facilities, such as cell phone towers, landfills, ambulances, or production and service facilities. The first problem studies the location of firms, given that a regional planner offers subsidies. While the customers purchase the good from the least expensive source and firms maximize their profits, the regional planner offers subsidies so as to stimulate economic activities and, ultimately, maximize tax income. The objective is to devise subsidy strategies that best benefit the regional planner, given that the firms and customers behave in their own best interest. The ultimate goal is to research models that include competition between regions as well. The second strand of research considers the location of emergency facilities, such as clinics and ambulances. The objective is to use the smallest possible number of health care facilities that ensure that potential customers are still covered. The notion of coverage used here is softer than in the standard models that employ a "covered - not covered" dichotomy in that customer coverage gradually decreases with increasing distance to the facility. Multi-level health care systems are the specific focus of the work. Special attention will be paid to models with congestion, a crucial feature in the location of emergency facilities. The third class of models to be researched includes location models with multiple objectives. Typical examples of such models include the location of landfills, cell phone towers, and internet kiosks in developing nations. Typical objectives include cost minimization, coverage, and disturbances due to acts of nature or deliberate destruction. Furthermore, pre- and postprocessing modules will be devised that model routing and scheduling components without their explicit inclusion in the model, as this would make most problems of realistic size unsolvable. The fourth and last class of problems to be studied are competitive location models, in which competing firms locate branches of their respective facilities. Specific attention will be paid to models that not only include the firms themselves, but also their supplier. Another important aspect that needs to be investigated is the proper inclusion of customer behavior in the competitive context.