Coupling ecological and geophysical processes three projects:Hydrology & riparian tree populations, Process model of fire frequency,Complex modular network of plant distribution.

该研究计划有三个项目，将生态和地球科学过程联系起来。1. 大多数河岸树木研究都是针对泥沙冲积河流的。本文将研究一条砾石床-基岩河流上桤木的种群动态，以及种群如何受到水文地貌过程的影响。水力模型将用于确定种子搁浅在岸上的位置和方式。搁浅后，这些搁浅位置的温度和水势将被用于种子萌发的水热模型，以预测种子萌发的次数。最后，水预算模型将确定植物的生长速度如何保持正的水预算，而机械模型将显示植物如何抵抗（或不抵抗）导致断裂和连根拔起的河流力。本项目中的模型将提供一种综合的方法来研究作用于大多数河岸树木的基本因果力，从而有助于河岸规划。2. 景观火灾频率的确定在很大程度上是统计曲线拟合。该项目将开始开发基于因果关系的综合模拟：燃料湿度和闪电点火的气候/气象模型，通过热薄植物燃料传播的计算流体动力学（CFD）模型，树木如何被杀死的传热和燃烧模型，然后是火灾后和火灾之间的树木种群动力学模型。这将开始开发基于控制方程的火灾频率。3. 植被在很大程度上受湿度及其在景观中的分布的控制。该项目定义了真实景观和地貌学中景观开发模型创建的景观的饱和流网络模式（地形湿度值）。这种方法可以让我们理解景观结构、水文、生物和地貌过程是如何形成景观的，从而解释影响植被分布的水分（和养分）梯度。这种认识的应用可以为土地生物物理分类和生态系统景观过程提供过程基础。

This research program has three projects connecting ecological and geoscience processes. 1. Most riparian tree studies are for sand-silt alluvial rivers. Here we will study the population dynamics of alder on a gravel bed-bedrock river and how the populations are influenced by the hydro-geomorphic processes. A hydraulic model will be used to determine where and how seeds become stranded on shore. After stranding, these stranding locations' temperature and water potential will be used in a hydro-thermal model of seed germination to predict times of seed germination. Finally, a water budget model will determine how the plant's growth rate maintains a positive water budget, and a mechanistic model will show how plants resist (or not) the river forces causing breakage and uprooting. The model in this project will give an integrated approach to the basic causal forces acting on most riparian trees and will thus help in riparian planning. 2. Determination of landscape fire frequency has been largely statistical curve fitting. This project will start the development of a causal-based simulation with integrated: climate/ meteorological model of fuel moisture and lightning ignition, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire spread through thermally-thin vegetative fuels, a heat transfer and combustion model of how trees are killed, and then a tree population dynamics model after and between fires. This will start the development of a fire frequency based on governing equations. 3. Vegetation is critically controlled by moisture and its distribution on a landscape. This project defines the network patterns of saturated flow (topographic wetness values) on both real landscapes and landscapes created by landscape development models in geomorphology. This approach allows an understanding of how landscape structure and the hydrological, biotic, and geomorphic processes that create landscapes explain the moisture (and nutrient) gradients that so influence vegetation distribution. The application of this understanding could provide a process basis for biophysical land classification and ecosystem landscape processes.