Regulation of human skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise training

碳水化合物和脂肪等燃料的分解涉及一系列复杂的代谢反应。这些不同代谢途径的精确调节对细胞和生物体的完整性至关重要。我的研究计划旨在研究骨骼肌能量代谢的调节，特别是协调该组织在急性和慢性收缩中的“重塑”机制。骨骼肌是一个非常有趣的组织研究，因为它可以改变其代谢率相当显着。例如，在剧烈运动期间，与休息相比，能量需求的速率可以增加超过100倍，这迫使肌肉快速调整其能量供应速率以保持适当的功能。我研究人类骨骼肌的方法是通过让人们在不同的时间段以不同的工作量进行锻炼来产生不同的“代谢挑战”。我们可以通过改变底物的可用性（例如，使用饮食操作）或通过研究具有特殊特征的受试者（例如，受过良好训练的人）。我们通过使用针吸活检技术获得小的组织样本来研究肌肉反应。然后分析组织中的化合物，如酶和其他参与调节细胞能量代谢的蛋白质。我们特别感兴趣的是，短时间的高强度运动似乎会刺激新陈代谢适应，而这种适应通常与长时间的耐力型训练有关。然而，调节适应这些不同刺激的分子信号是未知的。这项研究的主要目标是提供有关代谢调节的基本科学信息，但结果可能对那些对身体对运动的反应感兴趣的人有实际意义。

The breakdown of fuels such as carbohydrates and fats for energy involves a complex series of metabolic reactions. Precise regulation of these various metabolic pathways is vital to the integrity of the cell and organism. My research proposal is designed to investigate the regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and in particular the mechanisms that coordinate "remodeling" of this tissue in response to acute and chronic contraction. Skeletal muscle is a very interesting tissue to study since it can change its metabolic rate quite dramatically. For example, during strenuous exercise the rate of energy demand can increase by over a hundred-fold compared to rest, which forces the muscle to rapidly adjust its rate of energy supply in order to maintain proper function. The way in which I study skeletal muscle in humans is to produce distinct "metabolic challenges" by asking people to exercise at different workloads for varying periods of time. We can further investigate metabolic processes by altering substrate availability (e.g., using dietary manipulations) or by studying subjects with special characteristics (e.g., highly trained individuals). We investigate the muscle response by obtaining small samples of tissue using the needle biopsy technique. The tissue is then analyzed for compounds such as enzymes and other proteins that are involved in regulating cellular energy metabolism. We are particularly interested in the fact that short bursts of very intense exercise appear to stimulate metabolic adaptations that are typically associated with prolonged endurance-type training despite. However, the molecular signals that regulate adaptation to these diverse stimuli are unknown. The major goal of this research is to provide basic scientific information about metabolic regulation, but the results may have practical implications for people who are interested in the body's response to exercise.