Quantum resource theories

量子信息科学(QIS)在过去的12年里蓬勃发展，随着量子计算机的可能性引发了人们对该领域更多的兴趣，对基本问题有了更好的理解的必要性出现了。具体地说，有关量子信息任务所需资源的问题，如量子隐形传态，是至关重要的。其中一些QIS任务的关键资源是纠缠：一种量子力学现象，在这种现象中，两个或更多空间上分离的系统的可观察到的物理性质以一种没有经典模拟的方式相互关联。纠缠表明，QIS本质上包含了与经典信息论中遇到的那种资源截然不同的新类型的资源。

Quantum information science (QIS) has been blossoming in the past twelve years and as the possibility of a quantum computer sparks more interest in the field, the need to have a better understanding of fundamental questions arises. Specifically, questions concerning the resources needed for quantum information tasks, such as quantum teleportation, are of the utmost importance. The key resource for some of these QIS tasks is entanglement: a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which observable physical properties of two or more spatially separated systems are correlated in a manner that has no classical analog. Entanglement demonstrates that QIS contains essentially new types of resources that differ vastly from the sort of resources encountered in classical information theory.