Integration of metabolic and uterine health in dairy cattle

基本上所有围产期奶牛在泌乳早期经历对胰岛素作用的反应降低、摄食量减少、能量负平衡和脂肪动员的时期;产犊前1-2周和产犊后2 - 3周的免疫功能降低;以及产犊后2 - 3周的子宫细菌污染。 然而，尽管代谢和子宫疾病非常常见，但只有少数奶牛经历这些问题，尽管营养和管理经验明显相似。 为什么？为什么？在人类中，肥胖和营养过剩会导致促炎状态加剧、胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病和代谢综合征。几种相同的炎症介质与牛的子宫疾病有关。目前尚不清楚是什么导致了这种过度的炎症状态。

Essentially all peripartum dairy cattle experience a period of reduced response to the effects of insulin, reduced feed intake, negative energy balance, and fat mobilization in early lactation; reduced immune function for 1-2 weeks before, and 2 - 3 weeks after calving; and, bacterial contamination of the uterus for 2 -3 weeks after calving. Yet, while metabolic and uterine disease are excessively common, only a minority of cows experience these problems, despite apparently similar nutritional and management experiences. Why? In people, obesity and nutrient excess lead to a heightened pro-inflammatory state, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Several of the same inflammatory mediators are associated with uterine disease in cattle. What is not known is what sets up this excessive inflammatory status.