Impact of dynamic groundwater-coastal water interactions

加拿大拥有世界上最长的海岸线，沿着五大湖、太平洋、大西洋和北冰洋的海岸线延伸。加拿大人的福祉，包括他们的经济和社会繁荣，在很大程度上取决于这些海岸线的环境健康。由于快速城市化、农业和工业的集约化、污染物毒性的增加和气候变化的影响，沿海沃茨污染是一个日益严重的问题。虽然河流和溪流对沿海水污染的贡献一般都很清楚，但对地下水的途径却知之甚少。由于地下水可能是沿海沃茨污染物的主要来源，这就给长期水质预测带来了很大的不确定性。地下水排放已被发现导致沿海生态系统严重退化，包括引发藻类大量繁殖，甚至改变生态系统的生物多样性。 相反的影响，即海水侵入沿海含水层，也可能产生严重影响，因为它影响到淡水供应。

Canada has the world's longest coastline extending along the shores of the Great Lakes and Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. The well-being of Canadians, including their economic and social prosperity, strongly depend on the environmental health of these shorelines. Pollution of coastal waters is an increasingly serious problem due to rapid urbanization, intensification of agriculture and industry, increasing pollutant toxicity and climate change effects. While the contribution of rivers and streams to coastal water pollution is generally well characterized, the groundwater pathway is poorly understood. This creates significant uncertainty in long-term water quality predictions as groundwater can be a major contributor of contaminants to coastal waters. Groundwater discharge has been found to lead to significant degradation of coastal ecosystems, including the initiation of intense algae blooms and even changes in ecosystem biodiversity. The reverse effect, that being the intrusion of seawater into coastal aquifers, can also have serious implications, as it impacts the availability of fresh drinking water supplies.